Objective To compare the damage degrees between time-and event-based prospective memory (PM) tasks in schizophrenic patients,and to explore the relationship between prospective memory and mental symptoms,between individual and social function,and between quality of life and medical history.Methods On the basis of Einstein's and McDaniel's dual task paradigm,56 schizophrenic patients and 56 normal subjects were tested using graphical material prospective memory tasks,including time-based prospective memory task (TBPM) and event-based prospective memory task (EBPM).Results The patients were worse than the normal in the TBPM task for the correct number of prospective tasks,the correct number of ongoing tasks,and the response time of ongoing tasks [6.50(4.00) vs.8.00(l.50),61.00(19.75) vs.70.50(10.00),1 603.50(975.00)ms vs.1 196.00(429.50)ms,all P ＜ 0.01].In the EBPM task,the correct number of prospective tasks,the response time of prospective tasks,the correct number of ongoing tasks,and the response time of ongoing tasks were worse in the patients than in the normal [4.00(5.75)vs.6.00(4.00),2 903.00(3 168.50)ms vs.1 206.00(1 396.00) ms,73.00(14.25) vs.77.00(4.00),1 852.00(732.75)ms vs.1 354.00(398.75)ms,all P＜0.01].Spearman correlation analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the total score of the PANSS scale (47.75±8.24) and the ongoing task in EBPM (r=-0.35,P ＜ 0.01).The correct numbers of TBPM and EBPM prospective tasks in the patients were significantly positively correlated with the PSP scale score (71.70±22.79)(r=54,P ＜ 0.01;r=36,P ＜ 0.01).The correct number and the response time of TBPM prospective tasks,the correct number and the response time of TBPM ongoing tasks,and the correct number and the response time of EBPM ongoing tasks in the patients were significantly correlated with the SQLS scale score (23.07±12.89)(r=-0.35,P ＜ 0.01;r=0.48,P ＜ 0.01;r=-0.78,P ＜ 0.05;r=0.69,P ＜ 0.05;r=-0.35,P ＜ 0.01;r=0.58,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Prospective memory impairment exists in patients with schizophrenia;prospective memory ability in patients with schizophrenia is closely related to individual social function and quality of life.%目的 比较精神分裂症患者在基于时间和基于事件的前瞻性记忆(PM)任务的损害程度,探讨前瞻记忆与精神症状、个体和社会功能、生活质量及病史情况之间的关系.方法 分别收集2019年1月至2019年4月本院住院的精神分裂症患者与正常被试测试数据,各56例.在Einstein和McDaniel的双重任务范式基础上,使用图形材料前瞻记忆任务,包括基于时间的前瞻记忆任务(TBPM)和基于事件的前瞻记忆任务(EBPM).结果 精神分裂症患者在TBPM任务中前瞻任务正确数、当前任务正确数及当前任务反应时分别为6.50(4.00)、61.00(19.75)、1 603.50(975.00) ms,均差于正常对照组8.00 (1.50)、70.50(10.00)、1 196.00 (429.50) ms,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);在EBPM任务中,前瞻任务正确数、前瞻任务反应时、当前任务正确数及当前任务反应时分别为4.00(5.75)、2 903.00(3 168.50)ms、73.00(14.25)、1 852.00(732.75) ms,均差于正常对照组6.00(4.00)、1 206.00(1 396.00) ms、77.00(4.00)、1 354.00(398.75) ms,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);Spearman相关分析显示,PANSS量表总分(47.75±8.24)分与EBPM中当前任务的反应时存在显著负相关(r=-0.35,P＜0.01);精神分裂症患者TBPM前瞻任务正确数及EBPM前瞻任务正确数与PSP量表评分(71.70±22.79)分显著正相关(r=54,P＜ 0.01;r=36,P＜ 0.01);TBPM前瞻任务正确数、前瞻任务反应时、当前任务正确数及当前任务RT,EBPM当前任务正确数及当前任务RT与SQLS量表评分(23.07±12.89)分,差异均有统计学意义(r=-0.35,P＜0.01;r=0.48,P＜0.01;r=-0.78,P＜0.05;r=0.69,P＜0.05;r=-0.35,P＜0.01;r=0.58,P＜ 0.01).结论 精神分裂症患者存在前瞻性记忆损伤;精神分裂症患者前瞻性记忆能力与个体社会功能、生活质量密切相关.
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