江门市中心城区1092例严重创伤患者流行病学分析

摘要

目的 调查江门市中心城区严重创伤患者流行病学特征及影响因素,为制定预防和干预措施提供科学依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法回顾分析2005年11月1日-2009年10月31日于本院就诊的1092例AIS≥3分的严重创伤患者的流行病学资料.结果 符合条件入选的病例有1092例,其中男825例,女267例,平均年龄(34.65±18.19)岁.年龄组分布:儿童组98例,死亡3例；青壮年组735例,死亡61例；中年组190例,死亡14例；老年组69例,死亡7例.致伤原因:道路交通伤635例,跌伤98例,锐器伤56例,机器伤65例,烧烫伤118例,坠落伤61例,其它59例.受伤部位:根据解剖要点分区法,单独A区受伤581例(53.21％),死亡40例(47.06％)；单独B区受伤64例(5.86％),死亡3例(3.53％)；单独C区受伤151例(13.83％),死亡7例(8.24％)；多区伤296例(27.11％),死亡35例(41.18％).伤型:钝伤836例,其中生存773例,死亡63例；穿透伤256例,其中生存234例,死亡22例.死亡病例:男68例,女17例,共85例；其中钝击伤63例,穿透伤22例.平均死亡年龄(37.27±17.68)岁.治疗情况和结果:849例接受手术治疗,243例保守治疗.存活出院1007例,死亡85例.主要死亡原因是严重的中枢神经系统损伤和难以控制的出血.结论 严重创伤的发生在发病年龄、职业、地点、致伤原因、受伤部位等方面存在一定的规律性；针对高危人群因地制宜采取预防和干预措施,可有效降低发病率和病死率.%Objective To provide some reference for making prevention and intervention measures by investigating the epidemiologic characteristics and influencing factors of major trauma in Jiangmen.Methods The epidemiologic data of 1092 major trauma patients who had visited our hospital during the period of November 1,2005 to October 31,2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 1092 patients met the criteria for this study.There were 825 male and 267 female, aged 34.65 ± 18.19 years.Age distribution:3 cases of death in the children group of 98,61 cases of death in the young group of 735,14 cases of death in the middle-aged group of 190, 7 cases of death in the elderly group of 69.Causes of trauma:road or traffic injury in 635 patients,injuries by a fall in 98 patients,injuries by sharp materials in 56 patients,injury by machines in 65 patients,bum in 118 patients,fall injury in 61 patients,and other causes in 59 patients.According to the anatomic points partition method,separate zone A injuries in 581 cases ( 53.21％ ),40 cases of death ( 47.06％ ); a separate B injuries in 64 cases ( 5.86％ ),3 cases of death ( 3.53％ ); a separate C injuries in 151 cases ( 13.83％ ),7 cases of death ( 8.24％ ); multiple zone 296 injured cases ( 27.11％ ),and 35 cases were dead (41.18％ ).Wound types:blunt trauma in 836 cases,with a survival of 773 and death of 63； penetrating injury in 256 cases,with a survival of 234 and death of 22.Death cases:68 male and 17 female,with blunt injury in 63 and penetrating injury in 22.The average age of death was 37.27 ± 17.68 years.Treatment and outcomes:849 cases of surgical treatment and 243 cases of conservative treatment.1007 patients survived and 85 were dead.The main causes of death of acute central nervous system injury and uncontrol bleeding.Conclusions Occurrence of major trauma has some regularity in age,occupation,place of the accidence,causes of trauma,and injured parts of the body.The preventive and intervention measures for the populatiou at highrisk can effectively reduce the morbidity and mortality.