工业企业职业危害现状调查及分类管理模式的探讨

摘要

Objective To establish the administration model for classified management for occupational hazards in industrial enterprises.Methods Risk management,quality management and other occupational hazards relevant theory were applied in this study.The comprehensive risk indexes of occupational hazards of industrial enterprises were assessed.The classification of management model for occupational hazards was established; and the effect of this model was evaluated after application.Results According to the comprehensive risk index of units implementing this model and classified management model of the occupational hazards,units implemented this model were classified as enterprises with serious occupational hazards,enterprises with general occupational hazards,enterprises with minor occupational hazards.Intervention measures including focus monitoring,forced modification in a certain period,reduced risk were taken on management and monitoring of Level Ⅳ enterprises.The measures of strengthen monitoring and management were given to Level Ⅲ enterprises.The measures of regular monitoring and management were given to Level Ⅱ enterprises,while simplified management was given to Level Ⅰ enterprises.After implementation of this model the working efficacy and quality were enhanced.Conclusions The classified management model for occupational hazards is a new way for monitoring and management of enterprises and it is of great significance in enhancing efficacy and quality of occupational hazards,and provides a basis for the grading and classified management of occupational hazards supervision.%目的 探讨工业企业职业病危害分类管理的有效模式.方法 在调查的基础上运用职业病危害风险管理和质量管理等相关理论,初步评估工业企业的综合职业危害风险指数,提出企业职业病危害分类管理的模式,并评价管理模式的应用效果.结果 根据工业企业职业病危害的综合风险大小和企业职业病危害分类管理模式,将存在职业病危害的有机溶剂企业分为职业病危害严重、一般和轻微三类；对Ⅳ级企业进行重点监管、限期整改、降低风险,对Ⅲ级企业进行强化监管,对Ⅱ级企业进行常规监管,对Ⅰ级企业进行简化监管.通过对有机溶剂企业进行分类管理,有效提高了管理的工作效率和管理质量.结论 建立职业病危害分类管理模式,对提高企业职业危害监管工作效率和质量、降低职业危害风险有重要指导意义,为开展职业危害监管分级及分类管理提供依据.