家庭护理理念在小儿哮喘患者中的应用价值

摘要

目的 探究家庭护理理念在小儿哮喘患者中的应用价值.方法 选择2014年7月至2015年1月前来我院就诊的78例哮喘患儿为研究对象.抽签随机分为观察组与对照组,每组39例.研究过程中观察组脱落1例.两组住院期间均进行疾病预防与护理基础指导,对照组出院时发放护理手册,观察组出院后在医护人员指导下进行家庭护理.比较两组出院时、出院后6个月第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、第一秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量百分比(FEV1aVc)及最高呼气流速(PEF),出院后6个月内疾病控制情况,出院时及出院后6个月、1年时的儿童哮喘生活质量调查表(PAQLQ)评分.结果 出院后6个月,观察组FEV1、FEV1/FVC和PEF值分别为(72.48±18.76)L、(83.45±19.76)％、(63.44±17.31)Umin,均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组出院后6个月内的中重度发病次数、急诊次数分别为(1.15±0.46)次/月、(0.68±0.12)次/月,均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组出院6个月、1年后的PAQLQ评分分别为(92.67±19.36)、(106.71±19.36),均较对照组明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 对小儿哮喘患者实行家庭护理,可明显改善其肺功能与整体生活质量,有效控制病情,具备推广价值.%Objective To explore application value of home care idea in children with asthma.Methods 78 children with asthma in our hospital from July 2014 to January 2015 were selected as study subjects,and divided into observation group and control group with 39 cases in each group by random lot method.1 case in observation group dropped out in the trial.Patients were given basic guidance for disease prevention and nursing during length of stay,control group was given out nursing instruction handbook at discharge,observation group received home care under the guidance of medical staff after discharge.Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1),forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity percentage (FEV1/FVC),and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) at discharge,6 months after discharge,information on disease control within 6 months after discharge,Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) score of children with asthma at discharge,6,12 months after discharge in two groups were compared.Results 6 months after discharge,FEV1,FEV/FVC,and PEF value in observation group were (72.48±18.76)L,(83.45±19.76)％,(63.44±17.31)L/min respectively,which were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05);moderate or severe onset frequency,the number of visits in observation group within 6 months after discharge were (1.15±0.46) times/month,(0.68±0.12) times/month,which were significantly lower than those in control group (P＜0.05);PAQLQ score in observation group 6,12 months after discharge were (92.67±19.36),(106.71±19.36) respectively,which were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Home care in children with asthma can improve lung function and overall quality of life significantly,control the disease effectively,worthy of promotion.