肠梗阻患者相关知识认知现状及健康教育知识需求的调查

摘要

Objective To provide theoretical basis for the implementation of targeted health education through the investigation of the status quo of the knowledge and the needs of health education in patients with intestinal obstruction.Methods From January 1st to December 30th,2015,118 patients with intestinal obstruction treated at the department of general surgery of our hospital were investigated by self-designed questionnaires for personal data,disease knowledge cognition situation,the need for health education,and the most popular form of education survey.Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS software.Results The patients could not completely command the disease-related knowledge;the recognition rate was only 54.00％;the score ranking of 8 large items:dietary knowledge,rehabilitation knowledge,self care,treatment cooperation,surgeryrelated matters,hospital notes,safety knowledge,and medication knowledge;the knowledge was commanded better by the patients with high education level than those with low education level and by young patients than old ones (P ＜ 0.01);over 80.00％ patients had the need for rehabilitation knowledge,dietary knowledge,and surgeryrelated matters;the most popular forms of education were personnel explaining by medical staff and issuing health prescription.Conclusions Patients,especially the patients with low education level and elderly patients,are lack of disease-related knowledge.Individualized intervention should be given,education plan made according to knowledge needs,proper education form taken,and disease-related knowledge targetedly taught to improve the patients' cognitive ability and promote rehabilitation.%目的 通过肠梗阻患者相关知识认知现状及健康教育知识需求的调查,为实施针对性的健康教育提供理论依据,使患者更好地配合治疗和护理.方法 在2015年1月1日至12月30日,对本院普外科肠梗阻患者118例采用自行设计的自填式问卷进行个人资料、疾病知识认知现状、健康教育需求和最受欢迎的宣教形式调查,采用SPSS19.0软件进行统计学分析.结果 患者对疾病相关知识掌握不全,认知率仅为54.00％,8大条目评分排序为:饮食知识、康复知识、自我护理、治疗配合、手术相关事项、住院须知、安全知识、用药知识;不同个体患者对疾病知识掌握程度比较,文化程度高者优于文化程度低者,年轻者优于老年者(P＜0.01);健康教育内容中康复知识、饮食知识、手术相关事项等三项内容需求率在80.00％以上;最受欢迎的宣教形式是医护人员讲解和发放健康处方.结论 患者疾病相关知识缺乏,尤其文化程度低、老年者,应予个性化干预,按知识需求制定教育计划,采取适合的形式,有针对性传授相关的疾病知识,提高患者认知能力,促进康复.