牙骨质蛋白1的生物学作用及应用前景

摘要

Cementum protein(CEMP)1, a specific product expressed during cementum formation, is an alkaline protein with a relative molecular mass of 2.59×104. The secondary structure present in recombinant human CEMP1(rhCEMP1) is mainly composed ofβ-sheet. Transfection of CEMP1 into human gingival fibroblasts promotes calcium nodule formation of hydroxyapatite that resembles the biological type, in Ca/P, which indicates cemetoblast and osteoblast phenotypes. CEMP1 can regulate core binding factorα1, a transcriptional activator of osteoblast differentiation. Co-culturing rhCEMP1 with human periodontal ligament cell (hPDLC) induces the formation of a tissue-like structure resembling bone and cementum, and cartilage-like material. Alkaline phosphatase(AKP)-positive hPDLC is preferentially categorized into cemetoblasts and osteoblasts. CEMP1 is strictly expressed in only a few hPDLC and >90% of cemetoblasts. Therefore, CEMP1 is closely related to the high AKP concentration in hPDLC. This article reviews the research progress in the biological function and future applications of CEMP1.%牙骨质蛋白（CEMP）1是一种在牙骨质发生过程中的特异表达产物，是一种碱性蛋白质，其相对分子质量约2.59×104，重组人CEMP1的二级结构主要由β-折叠构成。将含CEMP1基因的载体转入人牙龈成纤维细胞（HGF），结果在HGF中检测出矿化细胞特有的钙化结节，同时也检出了羟磷灰石，其钙磷比值接近于生物型磷灰石。核心结合因子A1（CBFA1）是骨和软骨矿化所必需的转录因子，CEMP1可调节CBFA1的表达。经CEMP1处理的细胞呈组织样结构聚集，分层的细胞被细胞外基质包围，细胞稀疏地存在于小空腔中，这种形态特征跟软骨相似。具有高碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性的人牙周膜细胞（hPDLC）有向成骨和成牙骨质细胞分化的能力，CEMP1仅在hPDLC和成牙骨质细胞中高表达，即CEMP1与hPDLC中高浓度的AKP有关，90%以上的成牙骨质细胞中有CEMP1强表达。本文就CEMP1，CEMP1的生物学作用，CEMP1的应用前景等研究进展作一综述。