人乳质和量的非疾病性母源影响因素

摘要

人乳是新生婴儿最天然、最健康的食物.人乳研究发现乳汁分泌量和许多成分的含量存在明显个体差异;但对于同一个体而言,某些乳汁成分不受环境及母体本身各种因素的影响,如蛋白质、乳糖,而另一些成分易波动,如脂肪、干物质等浓度随各种条件的变化而变化.母体疾病可影响乳汁质和量,乳母膳食、心情、生活习惯等也可使乳汁中脂肪酸、干物质、细胞因子等发生变化.为帮助哺乳母亲为婴儿提供更优质的乳汁,更好地实现人乳喂养,该文对人乳各成分的变化特点及非疾病性的母源性影响因素作一综述.%Breast milk is the most natural and healthy food for newborns.Human milk studies show that there are individual differences in milk production and its compositions.Some maternal disease can affect milk quality and quantity,and even health lactating mother's milk does not keep still.It can be found in studies that fatty acid,protein,lactose,microbiology,cell factors and so on can be influenced by many factors from lactating mothers without diseases,such as nurse meals,mood and living habits.To help nursing mothers to provide more high-quality milk for the baby,realize better breastfeeding,characteristics of breast milk components and influence factors of healthy mothers will be discussed.