大连地区儿童青少年体成分影响的调查研究

摘要

Objective To explore the development regularities and characteristics of child and adoles-cent body composition in Dalian,to provide scientific basis for their healthy growth and basic evidence for nutri-tional status and healthcare,and to accumulate dynamic date for evaluation of children's growth and development in the future.Methods Two primary schools、two secondary schools and one high school in Dalian were en-rolled,where four classes were taken from each grade,and 2 027students aged from 6-18 years were systematical-ly collected.The collected students were given height and weight tests,and body composition was examined with bioelectrical impedance analysis.Overweight and obesity were determined by body fat percent.Results (1 ) Height,weight,body fat percent,fat mass,lean body mass,muscles,bone mass,BMI and basal metabolism rate of the students increased from 6-18 years in Dalian,and the growth curves of boys and girls appear rising tenden-cy,while the percentage of total body water decreased.(2)The muscles,lean body mass and basal metabolism rate were obvious sex differences among all the age groups,and the others were sex difference in part of age. Body fat percent and fat mass of girls were greater than those of boys,while the other indexes of boys were grea-ter.(3)The obesity rate of girls in Dalian was 35.7%,while the boys'was 16.7%.Conclusion (1 )The find-ings were consistent with the growth characteristics of adolescent boys and girls aged 6-18 years in Dalian.(2) The muscles,lean body mass and basal metabolism rate were obvious sex differences among all the age groups, and the others were sex difference in part of age.(3)The obesity rate of students in Dalian was higher than the government standard.%目的：探讨大连地区儿童青少年体成分的发育规律、特点，为指导其营养状况和制定保健措施提供科学依据，也为今后评价儿童青少年生长发育动态变化积累资料。方法研究抽取大连市全日制小学2所、初中2所、高中1所，每个年级共抽取4个班，共2027名6～18岁儿童青少年，测量身高，体重、体脂量、去脂体重、体脂率、骨量、肌肉量、体重指数、体水分率及基础代谢率。结果(1)大连男女学生的各项指标均随年龄的增长而增加，生长曲线呈上升趋势；体内水分随着年龄的增长而减少。(2)大连男女学生的肌肉量、去脂体脂及基础代谢量在所有年龄段均存在显著性差异，形态指标及其他的体成分指标在部分年龄段存在性差；仅脂肪率与脂肪量为女性大于男性，其余指标均为男性大于女性。(3)大连女学生肥胖检出率为35.7％，男学生的肥胖检出率为16.7％。结论(1)大连城市儿童青少年体重、身高及体成分构成比例符合儿童青少年生长发育规律。(2)大连男女学生的肌肉量、去脂体脂及基础代谢率在所有年龄段均存在显著性别差异，形态指标及其他的体成分指标在部分年龄段存在性别差异。(3)大连学生的肥胖检出率明显高于国家标准，控制儿童肥胖形势严峻。