婴儿维生素D中毒的研究进展

摘要

The problem of Vitamin D Deficiency in infants is attracting global attention.American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants should routinely take vitamin D.But the events of vitamin D toxicity in infants were also reported,and were usually caused by excessive vitamin D intake.It is the potential harm for infants.We should strengthen the propaganda education on correct vitamin D supplements.The major source of vitamin D for humans that comes from synthesis of exposure to sunlight and food rich in vitamin D.They are hydroxylated to produce the form of 25 (OH) D that is the major circulating form of vitamin D and diagnostic indicator of vitamin D toxicity.The definition of vitamin D toxicity is not yet uniform.The risk for harm begins to increase once the intake exceeds 1000 IU/d.Vitamin D toxicity has serious clinical symptoms and pathological changes due to hypercalcemia and subsequent hypercalciuria.Intravenous rehydration has been proven to be effective in the treatment of vitamin D toxicity.Most of viamin D toxicity can be prevented.Parents and doctors should ensure infants to take the correct dose of oral supplements.The review summarizes existing studies on vitamin D toxicity with regard to definition,pathophysiology,dose,clinic symptoms,treatment and prevention.%婴儿维生素D缺乏问题正在引起全球重视.美国儿科学会推荐婴儿应常规补充维生素D.而婴儿维生素D中毒现象也屡有报道,这多是由于过量补充维生素D引起,威胁婴儿健康,应加强宣传教育,重在预防.维生素D通过日光合成和食物摄入两个途径进入人体,随后活化为25(OH)D的形式,此为维生素D主要的循环形式和维生素D中毒的主要诊断指标.关于维生素D中毒的剂量尚不统一.每日摄入量超过1000 IU可增加潜在维生素D中毒的风险.过量的维生素D通过提高血钙及尿钙浓度而产生各种临床表现以及病理变化从而导致中毒.补液是治疗维生素D中毒最常用的方法.多数维生素D中毒是可预防的,父母和医生应保证婴儿摄入正确剂量的维生素D.该文就维生素D中毒的定义、病理生理、中毒剂量、临床症状及防治方法作一综述.