Materials Science and Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
Materials Science and Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
Materials Science and Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
Materials Science and Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
silica sol-gel; phase separation; macroporous gel morphology; nonionic surfactant;