自发性正常压力脑积水的MRI研究进展

摘要

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by gait disturbance, mental deterioration, and urinary incontinence, but cerebrospinal fluid pressure is in normal range. Although the exact pathologic process of iNPH is unknown, a proportion of patients get clinical improvement after shunt placement. Recent years, some new MRI methods have been applied in researches associated with iNPH, such as volumetric measurement, MR phase-contrast cine technology, DTI, MRS, and MR elastography. We reviewed the latest research developments in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prediction of shunt outcome. The etiology of iNPH was discussed.%自发性正常压力脑积水是一种以步态不稳、进行性认知功能障碍、尿失禁为主要临床表现，脑脊液压力正常的脑积水类型。发病原因不明，但部分病人的临床症状在脑脊液分流术后得到改善。近年来MRI新技术如体积测量、相位对比电影法、扩散张量成像（DTI）、磁共振波谱（MRS）、磁共振弹性成像（MRE）等在自发性正常压力脑积水相关研究中有较多的应用，就MRI技术在自发性正常压力脑积水的诊断、鉴别诊断、分流手术结果的预测、病因探讨方面的研究进展进行综述。