Clinical studies have demonstrated that SPECT/spiral CT has an unique value in disease diagnosis. Howev-er, the combined acquisition of functional and anatomical images can substantially increase radiation exposure to patients. It is, therefore, essential to carefully balance the diagnostic needs and radiation protection requirements. In addition, the essen-tial concepts for estimating radiation doses and lifetime attributable cancer risks associated with SPECT/CT examinations are presented by the new recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). In any case, SPECT/CT studies have to be optimized and exposure levels should not exceed the national diagnostic reference levels for standard situations.%大量临床研究已证实SPECT/螺旋CT 一体机在疾病的诊断中具有独特的优势。然而反映功能影像的SPECT与反映解剖影像的螺旋CT同机进行采集必然会增加受检者所受辐射剂量，因此需要权衡融合显像诊断价值与辐射剂量的利弊。国际辐射防护委员会建议在对病人进行SPECT/螺旋CT检查时，应对病人所受的额外辐射剂量及可能增加的恶性肿瘤的发生概率予以充分考虑。 SPECT/螺旋CT检查应遵循实践正当化与辐射防护最优化的原则，辐射水平不应超过国际规定的辐射剂量限值水平。
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