某三甲综合医院多重耐药菌分布及耐药性分析

摘要

Objective To investigate the characteristics of department distribution and antibacterial resistance of multidrug‐re‐sistant(MDR) pathogens in hospital ,and take specific measures for the prevention ,treatment and infection cntrol .Methods Data of 1 816 MDR isolates detected in the hospital from January to December in 2014 were analyzed retrospectively .Results Among the 1 816 MDR strains ,extended‐spectrum β lactamases(ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli ranked first(665 strains ,36 .62% ) ,fol‐lowed by methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus(387 strains ,21 .31% ) ,MDR Acinetobacter baumannii(295 strains ,16 .22% ) , MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa(195 strains ,10 .74% ) ,carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae(144 strains ,7 .92% ) ,ESBLs pro‐ducing Klebsiella pneumoniae(130 strains ,7 .16% ) .MDR strains were mainly distributed in general department of urology surgery (384 strains ,21 .14% ) ,burn unit(325 strains ,17 .90% ) ,intensive care unit(ICU )(266 strains ,14 .52% ) and department neurosur‐gery(110 strains ,6 .04% ) .Vancomycin and linezolid resistance were not found in methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus ;less than 2 .9% of the ESBLs producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia strains were resistant to carbapenems .The resistance of carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacteriaceae to amikacin ,sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim ,meropenem and tetracycline were relatively low (39 .6% -60 .7% ) .The resistance of MDR Acinetobacter baumannii to levofloxacin ,tetracycline ,sulfamethoxazole‐trime‐thoprim and cefoperazone‐sulbactam were relatively low (48 .9% -76 .5% ) .The resistance of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa to amikacin ,ceftazidime ,gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were relatively low(45 .3% -66 .7% ) .Conclusion The MDR pathogens should be monitored in high‐risk department ,preventive measures should be taken ,and antibiotics should be used according to the results of drug susceptibility tests .%目的：了解某三甲综合医院多重耐药菌株的科室分布及耐药性分析，以采取针对性的预防、控制和治疗措施。方法回顾性分析该院2014年1～12月检出的1816株多重耐药菌数据。结果1816株多重耐药菌中以产超广谱β‐内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的大肠埃希菌居首位（665株，36．62％），然后依次为耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（387株，21．31％）、耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的鲍曼不动杆菌（295株，16．22％）、多重耐药／泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌（195株，10．74％）、耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的肠杆菌科细菌（144株，7．92％）、产 ESBLs 的肺炎克雷伯菌（130株，7．16％）。分离到的多重耐药菌株主要集中在泌尿外科（384株，21．14％）、烧伤科（325株，17．90％）、重症监护室（IC U ，266株，14．52％）、神经外科（110株，6．04％）。耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌对万古霉素和利奈唑胺的耐药率为0．0％；产ESBLs大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的耐药率较低，小于2．9％；耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的肠杆菌科细菌对阿米卡星、复方磺胺甲噁唑、美洛培南和四环素的耐药率较低（39．6％～60．7％）；耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的鲍曼不动杆菌对左旋氧氟沙星、四环素、复方磺胺甲噁唑和头孢哌酮／舒巴坦耐药率较低（48．9％～76．5％）；多重耐药／泛耐药铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星、头孢他啶、庆大霉素和环丙沙星耐药率较低（45．3％～66．7％）。结论应加强对高危科室的监控，制定有针对性的预防控制措施，并根据药敏结果进行临床用药。