老年烟雾病的临床特征、治疗和转归

摘要

目的 初步探讨老年烟雾病患者的临床特征、治疗和转归.方法 回顾性收集2007年5月至2016年7月期间解放军第三○七医院神经外科收治的老年烟雾病患者(年龄＞60岁)的临床资料,分析其临床特征、影像学特征及手术转归等情况.结果 共纳入68例患者,男性33例(48.53％),女性35例(51.47％),男女之比为1∶1.06;确诊烟雾病时的年龄为(62.82±3.08)岁;52例(76.5％)存在血管危险因素.最常见的临床表现为脑缺血(61例,89.7％),其中30例(44.1％)表现为短暂性脑缺血发作.大部分患者铃木分期为4～6期(71.6％),12例(17.6％)合并大脑后动脉狭窄或闭塞.31例患者接受脑硬膜颞浅动脉血管融通术(enc ephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis,EDAS)治疗,其中17例行双侧手术,14例行单侧手术,围手术期梗死或出血发生率为5.6％(2例发生脑梗死,1例发生脑出血);37例采用保守治疗.随访期间5例患者发生脑梗死,其中手术治疗组1例,保守治疗组4例,两组间差异无统计学意义.两组年龄、性别、血管危险因素、临床症状以及术前改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分均差异无统计学意义.手术治疗组术后6～9个月复查脑血管造影,共24侧大脑半球采用松岛分期评估,其中优秀17侧(70.8％).随访期间手术治疗组临床转归(Z=-5.268,P＜0.001)以及临床改善(mRS评分较基线时改善≥1分)的患者比例(Z=-3.780,P＜0.001)均显著优于保守治疗组.讨论 老年烟雾病患者临床症状以脑缺血为主,多数存在血管危险因素,影像学表现为较高的铃木分期.老年烟雾病患者EDAS手术的围手术期风险较低,可能是阻止临床症状进展和改善患者转归的有效方法.%Objective To preliminarily explore the clinical features,treatment,and outcomes of moyamoya disease in the elderly.Methods The clinical data of the elderly patients with moyamoya disease (aged ＞ 60 years) admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery,the 307th Hospital of PLA from May 2007 to July 2016 were collected retrospectively.Their clinical features,imaging features,and surgical outcomes were analyzed.Results A total of 68 patients were enrolled,including 35 females (51.47％) and 33 males (48.53％).The ratio of male to female was 1:1.06.The age at the time of diagnosis of moyamoya disease was 62.82 ±3.08 years.Fifty-two patients (76.5％) had vascular risk factors.The most common clinical manifestation was cerebral ischemia (n =61,89.7％).Thirty of them (44.1％) presented as transient ischemic attack.The Suzuki staging of most patients was 4-6 (71.6％),12 patients (17.6％) complicated with posterior cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion.Thirty-one patients were treated with encephalo-duroarterio-synangiosis (EDAS).Among them,17 patients underwent bilateral surgery and 14 underwent unilateral surgery.The incidence of perioperative infarction or hemorrhage was 5.6％ (2 patients developed cerebral infarction and 1 patient developed cerebral hemorrhage);37 patients received conservative treatment.During the follow-up period,5 patients developed cerebral infarction (1 in the surgical treatment group and 4 in the conservative treatment group);there was no significant difference between the 2 groups.There were no significant differences in age,sex,vascular risk factor,clinical symptoms,and preoperative modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores between the 2 groups.Cerebral angiography was performed 6-9 months after operation in the surgical treatment group.A total of 24 cerebral hemispheres were evaluated by Matsushima typing,of which 17 (70.8％) were excellent.During the follow-up period,the proportion of patients with clinical outcome excellent (the mRS score was 0) (Z =-5.268,P ＜ 0.00l) and clinical improvement (the mRS score was improved ≥ 1 compared to the baseline) (Z =-3.780,P ＜ 0.001) were significantly higher than the conservative treatment group.Conclusions The clinical symptoms of old patients with moyamoya disease were mainly cerebral ischemia.Most of them had vascular risk factors,and the imaging manifestations showed higher Suzuki staging.The perioperative risk of EDAS in the old patients with moyamoya disease was lower.It might be an effective method to prevent clinical symptoms progress and improve the outcomes.