学龄前儿童视力发育状况及影响因素分析

摘要

AIM:To investigate the visual acuity, refraction and influence factors of preschool children in some nurseries in Nanjing. METHODS: Children from 4 to 6 years old in Nanjing attended the visual acuity examination, and filled in factors questionnaire.The results were analyzed. RESULTS:Visual acuity at P5 was 0.4 of 4 years, 0.5 of 5 years, and 0.6 of 6 years.Refraction, gestational age, birth weight, closely using eyes, daily watching television time, daily outdoor activity time, picky eaters situation, chewing situation, parents diopter, home lighting status were associated with vision disorders. Factors score at P5 is 5. CONCLUSION: The visual acuity less than P5 at each ages was abnormal vision.Child whose factors score of less than 5 had high risk of abnormal vision, and need to pay close attention to visual conditions.%目的：探讨南京市部分幼儿园学龄前儿童不同年龄段视力发育标准及视力异常的影响因素。　　方法：选取2011年南京市部分4～6岁儿童进行视力检查，并填写影响因素调查问卷，进行统计分析。　　结果：选取4，5，6岁儿童视力水平P5分别为0．4，0．5，0.6，屈光、孕周、出生体质量、近距离用眼时间、每日看电视时间、每日户外活动时间、挑食情况、咀嚼情况、父母屈光度、家庭的采光状况等与视力异常有统计学关联，影响因素评分的P5为5。　　结论：将各年龄段视力小于P5定位视力异常，影响因素评分小于5的定位视力异常高危人群，需要密切关注视力情况。