年龄相关性黄斑变性与生活方式危险因素的关系

摘要

AlM: To establish the frequency, associations and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) in hospital population. METHODS: ln this hospital based study, 589 subjects above 60 years of age were screened randomly for AMD. Participants underwent ocular evaluation and were interviewed for lifestyle variables and dietary intake of carotenoids by structured food frequency questionnaire. AMD was defined according to the international classifications and grading system. RESULTS: Either form of AMD was detected in 48 participants. AMD was significant among diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, body mass index, heavy cigarette smokers and alcoholics ( P < 0. 05 ). Dietary lutein/zeaxanthin ( L/Z) and β-carotene intake were associated with the reduction in risk for AMD(P<0. 05). CONCLUSlON: Higher dietary intake of carotenoids, especially L/Z, is associated with lower risk for AMD. Risk of AMD is prevalent among subjects with diabetes. Cessation of smoking and alcohol may reduce the risk of AMD in this population.%目的：探讨年龄相关性黄斑变性( age-related macular degeneration,AMD)与饮食、生活方式中危险因素的关系。　　方法：年龄大于60岁眼病患者589例中筛选出48例AMD患者,从是否患高血压和糖尿病、是否患白内障和糖尿病视网膜病变、体重指数、是否吸烟和喝酒、饮食中是否摄入叶黄素/玉米黄素和β-胡萝卜素等方面进行问卷调查。　　结果：糖尿病、糖尿病视网膜病变、体重指数、吸烟、喝酒是AMD的危险因素,差别有统计学意义( P<0.05)。饮食中类胡萝卜素类的摄入能够减少AMD的发生,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。　　结论：停止吸烟和喝酒、增加类胡萝卜素的摄入能够减少AMD的发生。