泪道阻塞性疾病住院患者疾病谱分析

摘要

目的：分析泪道阻塞性疾病住院患者的构成特点，探讨发病相关因素。　　方法：回顾性分析2011-01/2014-01在我院眼科以泪道阻塞性疾病住院治疗的578例709眼患者资料，对年龄、性别、族别、职业、长期居住地、泪道手术史、眼睑外伤史、眼部炎症及鼻部疾病、阻塞部位等信息进行分析。　　结果：患者578例中，年龄6月~72岁，平均39.7依8.42岁。男女患者性别比为1：1.66(217：361)。族别方面汉族占64.2%，回族占22.3%，东乡族占11.3%，其他少数民族占2.2%。职业方面农民占62.5%，工人占17.0%，司机占7.1%，其他职业占14.4%。长期居住地方面乡村占61.3%，县镇占23.7%，城市占15.1%。未曾行泪道手术患者占87.5%，曾行一次手术患者占10.6%，曾行两次以上手术患者占1.9%。有眼睑外伤史患者4.0%。常见阻塞部位依次为鼻泪管、泪总管、泪小管、下泪小点。　　结论：泪道阻塞性疾病的病因是多因素的，具有性别、年龄、族别、职业、眼部炎症及鼻部疾病等因素的分布特点。通过流行病学调查进一步明确族别与发病率的关系有助于少数民族地区泪道阻塞性疾病的防治。%AIM: To analyze the spectrum characteristics of hospitalized patients with lacrimal duct obstruction diseases ( LDOD ) and evaluate the prevalence and risk factors. METHODS: In this retrospective review, the medical data of 578 hospitalized patients ( 709 eyes ) with LDOD, including age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, long-time living area, past surgical history, past eye-lid trauma history, ocular inflammation, nasal diseases and occlusion location were analyzed. RESULTS:The age of LDOD patients was among 6mo~72 years, average 39. 7±8. 42 years. Gender ratio was 1:1.66 (217:361) between male and female. On ethnicity, 64.2% of subjects were Han, 22. 3% of subjects were Hui, 11. 3% of subjects were Dongxiang, and 2. 2% of subjects were other minority ethnicity. On occupation, 62. 5% of subjects were peasants, 17. 0% of subjects were workers, 7. 1% of subjects were drivers, while other occupations took 14. 4% parts in total. On long-time living area, about 61. 3% of subjects lived in rural area, 23. 7% of subjects lived in town, and rest 15. 1% lived in city. On past surgical history, 87. 5% of subjects never underwent surgery, about 10. 6% of subjects underwent surgery, including 1. 9% underwent more than one time. Among all patients about 4. 0% of subjects had past eye- lid trauma history. Occlusion mostly located in nasolacrimal duct, lacrimal duct, canalicular and punctum. CONCLUSION:The etiology of LDOD is multifactorial, has characteristics on age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, ocular inflammation, nasal diseases and other factors. A better understanding of the association between ethnicity and LDOD by epidemiology investigation may help its prevention and treatment in ethnic minority areas.