固阳县旱作马铃薯氮磷钾施肥效应及推荐施肥

摘要

For achieving the recommended fertilization to the rainfed potato in Guyang County,the 17 items dry farming potato soil-test-fertilization of '3414' farming experiments were summarized and analyzed.The results showed that the fertilization increasing effects order was N>P>K.N fertilizer had the best effect,then the P and K fertilizer.Although the soil has higher K content,K fertilizer has better significant synergies for soil.The results proved that N fertilizer was the most significant nutritive factor which make effects to rainfed potato production at north of Yin mountain.Furthermore,with fertilizing amount increased the fertilizing use rate and agronomic efficiency reduced at 3 fertilizer gradients.On average,to increase 13.1kg potato yield need 1 kg N fertilizer;1kg P2O5 for 24.2kg potato;1kg K2O for 21.3kg potato.According to the NPK fertilizer experiment of fertilizer effect equation,the soil productivity of rainfed potato were lower than 400kg/667m2,between 400-600kg/667m2 and 600-800kg/667m2, and higher than 800kg/667m2, respectively.These research results could give the recommended fertilization to rainfed potato in Guyang County.%为了指导固阳县旱作马铃薯推荐施肥，分析总结了固阳县进行的17项次旱作马铃薯测土施肥“3414”田间试验。结果表明，氮、磷、钾三要素的增产效果顺序依次为N>P>K，氮肥施肥效果最好，其次是磷、钾肥，尽管土壤钾素大多偏高，但施用钾肥都有效。说明阴山北麓旱作马铃薯限制产量的营养三要素仍然以氮素最为重要，施肥时仍应以氮、磷肥为主配合钾肥。从3个施肥梯度来看，随着施肥量加大，施肥的农学效率降低，施肥效益下降。平均来看，每 kg N增产马铃薯13.1kg，每 kgP2O5增产马铃薯24.2kg，每 kgK2O增产马铃薯21.3kg。根据氮、磷、钾肥料试验肥料效应方程可以得出旱作马铃薯地力产量＜400kg/667m2、400~600kg/667m2、600~800kg/667m2和＞800kg/667m2田块的最佳氮、磷、钾养分推荐用量，可以用于指导固阳县旱地马铃薯推荐施肥。