艰难梭菌是一种革兰阳性厌氧芽孢杆菌,也是抗生素相关性腹泻的主要病原菌之一.近年来,由于高毒力菌株核糖体027型的出现,导致艰难梭菌感染在世界范围内的暴发和流行.目前,艰难梭菌分子流行病学研究进展迅速,不同地区的艰难梭菌具有不同的感染特点.北美和欧洲等发达国家的流行病学特征已经比较清楚,该菌在中国的研究起步较晚,但近几年的研究也初步呈现出中国艰难梭菌感染现状和分子特征.本文从艰难梭菌感染的临床表现、危险因素、国内外感染现状等角度进行综述,为后续进一步推进中国艰难梭菌感染防控及分子流行病学研究提供数据参考.%Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus and also one of microbial pathogens causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. In recent years, the emergence of hyper-virulent ribotype 027 strains results in the worldwide epidemics of C. difficile infection (CDI). At present, numerous researches on C. difficile molecular epidemiology in the world have been conducted rapidly, and the molecular epidemiological characteristics vary in different regions. The characteristics of molecular epidemiology in developed countries including North America and Europe are relatively clear. Although the researches on CDI in China have lagged, the latest studies have showed molecular characteristics and current situation of CDI in China. This paper aims to review the latest advances of clinical manifestations, risk factors and current situation of CDI, in order to provide data evidence for further prevention and control of CDI, as well as C. difficile molecular epidemiology study in China.
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