Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response caused by infection and a critical illness in pediatrics. This disease is the leading cause of death in infants and children worldwide. An early, appropriate, and adequate anti-infective treatment can effectively prevent disease progression and improve the survival rate of children. However, antimicrobial drug abuse, increased drug-resistant bacteria, and lack of epidemiological data have hampered the effective and rational anti-infective treatment of patients with sepsis and enhancement of the success rate of rescue, especially for children. This article briefly reviews the recent advances in anti-infective treatment for sepsis in children at home and abroad based on sepsis definition, pathogen distribution and drug resistance, infection source control, and rational anti-infection. The results provide a foundation for clinical treatment of sepsis.
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