关于地下水开采引发地面沉降灾害的思考

摘要

The objective of the countermeasures against ground subsidence is “exploitation of largest amount of groundwater with smallest amount of grou nd subsidence”, with the objective function S=rw∫zgzl so dz. The specific capacity obtained from pumping test generally does not r eflect the water abundance of aquifer and so cannot be taken as the basis for the sele ction of the exploited horizon of groundwater. The misunderstood “Dupuit stable well flow model” (“model of radius of influence”) is the main “theoretical ” basis of the unreasonable selection of exploited horizon of groundwater. An a ctive measure for ground subsidence control is to move the exploited horizon upw ard to shallow area and make it close to the recharge and discharge area of grou ndwater. In order to enlarge the water receiving capacity of the well, it is sug gested to use the horizontal and radiated wells, and a new type of well which ca n increase the water yield, the “son-and-mother” well is put forward.%对地面沉降对策的目标是“多开采，少沉降”，提出目标函数 S=rw∫zgzl so dz。用抽水试验获得的单位涌水量一般不反映含水层的富水性，不宜依它来选择地下水的开采层位。被误解了的“裘布依稳定井流模型”(“影响半径模型”)是不合理选择地下水开采层位的主要“理论”依据。控制地面沉降的一个积极措施是将开采层位上移至浅层，使其接近地下水的补给区和排泄区。为增大井孔的进水能力，建议采用水平井、辐射井，并提出可能增加出水量的井型——“子母井”。