不同植被恢复模式地表径流与土壤贮水能力研究

摘要

This paper selects there afforestation modes of Pingjiang County as the research object about coniferous species+general broad﹣leaf species mixed forest (M1 ),coniferous species+precious broad﹣leaved species mixed forest mode (M2)and precious broad﹣leaved species mixed forest mode (M3),and there cultivation modes of Zixing City as the re﹣search object about coniferous species +precious broad﹣leaved species mixed forest mode (M6 ),bamboo and arbor mixed mode (M7)and manually promoted natural regeneration mode (M8),to research the runoff characteristics under different vegetation model. The results show that there is a little difference in the annual runoff volumes among the affor﹣estation modes. The sequence is CK1 (73. 07 mm)>M3 (66. 47 mm)>M2 (62. 51 mm)>M1 (61. 74 mm). There is a little difference in the annual runoff volumes among the cultivation modes M7,M6 and M8. The sequence is M7 (22. 76 mm)>M6 (21. 88 mm)>M8 (20. 16 mm). There is significant difference in the annual runoff volumes between afforestation mode forest stands and cultivation mode forest stands. The afforestation modes have more runoff gen﹣eration at 30~40 mm and≥50mm sections,amounting to 25. 89%~30. 42%of the annual runoff volume. The cultivation modes have more runoff generation at 20~30mm and≥50 mm sections,amounting to 27. 83~35. 09%of the annu﹣al runoff volume. Under the mode of forest vegetation reconstruction and recovery,the runoff rate is smaller than that of the control,which indicates that the vegetation restoration and restoration is beneficial to reduce the surface runoff.%于湖南省平江县选取针叶树种＋一般阔叶树种混交林（M1）、针叶树种＋珍贵阔叶树种混交林（M2）、珍贵阔叶树种（M3）等3种重建造林模式；于湖南省资兴市选取针叶树种＋珍贵阔叶树种混交林（M6）、竹、乔混合经营（M7）、人工促进天然更新（M8）等3种恢复培育模式作为研究对象，定位观测研究不同模式径流产生特征与土壤持水能力。结果表明：造林模式M1、M2与M3的年地表径流量相差不大，其排序为CK1（73.07 mm）＞M3（66.47 mm）＞M2（62.51 mm）＞M1（61.74 mm）。培育模式M7、M6、M8的年径流量相差不大，排序为为M7（22.76 mm）＞M6（21.88 mm）＞M8（20.16 mm）。造林模式在30～40 mm和≥50 mm降雨区间产流量较多，占全年径流的25.89％～30.42％。造林模式20～30 mm和≥50 mm降雨区间产流量较多，占全年径流的27.83％～35.09％。森林植被重建和恢复模式下产生径流量较对照小，说明森林植被重建和恢复有利于降低林地地表径流。