永顺植烟土壤养分丰缺评价

摘要

A study of the soil nutrients abundance and deficiency in Yongshun tobacco growing areas was conducted, to provide reasonable suggestions for the rational fertilization of the flue-cured tobacco in tobacco growing areas. Using GPS positioning technology, 360 soil samples were collected from the basic tobacco fields in Yongshun. The abundance and deficiency of main nutrients were analyzed, and suggestions for fertilizer were put forward. The results showed that the content of organic matter and available phosphorus in tobacco planting soil was less suitable, the average value were 30.56 g/kg and 38.68 mg/kg, which the high side and the low side proportion were 46.39% ,18.61% and 47.50%, 33.61% . The total nitrogen content was too high, which account for 65.00%, and the average value was 1.86 g/kg; only 11.11% had low total nitrogen content. The mean value of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen in tobacco growing soil was 141.47 mg/kg, the detection result in Yongshun was too high, and the proportion reached 70.83%, only 3.89% was low. The content of available K in tobacco growing soil was rich, the average value was 249.40 mg/kg, and the percentage of low degree was only 8.89%. The areas with high content of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen in the Furong, Songbai, Qingping, Shidi town, which should appropriately reduced the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer. Gaoping and Wanping town should be appropriately added potash fertilizer.%为了研究永顺烟区土壤主要养分丰缺状况,以便为烟区烤烟合理施肥提供合理建议.采用GPS定位技术,在永顺基本烟田采集土壤样品360个,分析了主要养分的丰缺状况,并提出了施肥建议.结果表明:植烟土壤有机质含量欠适宜,均值为30.56 g/kg,偏高的比例为46.39%,偏低的比例为18.61%.土壤全氮含量过高,均值达1.86 g/kg,土壤全氮含量偏高的比例达65.00%,仅有11.11%的土壤全氮含量偏低.植烟土壤碱解氮含量过高,均值为141.47 mg/kg,土壤碱解氮含量偏高的比例达70.83%,仅有3.89%的土壤碱解氮含量偏低.植烟土壤有效磷含量不尽适宜,均值偏高达38.68 mg/kg,土壤有效磷含量偏高的比例达47.50%,偏低的比例为33.61%.植烟土壤速效钾含量较丰富,均值达249.40 mg/kg,土壤速效钾含量偏低的比例仅为8.89%.芙蓉、松柏、青坪和石堤等乡镇碱解氮含量过高的区域,应适当减少氮肥和磷肥用量;高坪和万坪等乡镇应适当增施钾肥.