反式雄烯二酮对食蚊鱼的生长发育和第二性征的影响

摘要

为了研究反式雄烯二酮(ADD)长期暴露对食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)生长发育和第二性征的影响,分别用不同浓度的ADD(50、200、500、2 000 μg/L)对食蚊鱼进行60 d的水浴暴露处理,以0.1％甲醇和清水作对照,考察食蚊鱼形态特征、组织结构以及生长和生殖相互关系的变化情况.结果表明:雌性食蚊鱼的各项生理指标均受水体中雄性激素ADD的影响,且影响程度随着ADD浓度的增加而增加.随着雄性激素ADD的加入,食蚊鱼的体长和臀鳍长变短,体重、性腺重和肝重变轻,卵子数量变少;卵细胞发生了形变、肿胀,甚至退化;肝细胞的细胞核偏移中央,细胞肿大,出现了空泡结构,细胞脂质化程度逐渐加深;鳃丝长短不一,排列不整齐,甚至出现了退化现象;臀鳍出现上短下长,尖端分叉的现象.总体来讲,水体中雄性激素ADD会引发雌性食蚊鱼出现雄性化的第二性征.%In order to study the trans androstenedione (ADD) long exposure to Gambusia affinis growth and the influence of the secondary sex characteristic,with different concentrations of the ADD (50,200,500,2 000 g/L) to 60 d water bath exposed mosquito fish processing,0.1％ methanol and water as contrast,Gambusia affinis morphological characteristics,organization structure and the relationship between growth and reproduction was studied.The results showed that the female Gambusia affinis of various physiological indexes under the influence of male hormones in the water,ADD,and influence degree increase with the increased concentration of the ADD.As the male hormone ADD to join,the Gambusia affinis's body length and anal fin length shorter,lighter weight,gonad weight and liver weight,less number of eggs;the egg deformation happened,swelling,or even degradation;the central nucleus of liver cell migration,cell swelling,a cavity structure,degree of cell lipid change gradually deepened;the gill filament length is differ,untidy,even the degradation phenomenon appeared;the anal fin on next short length,cutting-edge forked phenomenon.In general,male hormones in the water,ADD cause female Gambusia affinis appear male secondary sex characteristic.