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食蚊鱼

食蚊鱼的相关文献在1978年到2022年内共计90篇,主要集中在水产、渔业、动物学、分子生物学 等领域,其中期刊论文83篇、会议论文5篇、专利文献39167篇;相关期刊62种,包括四川动物、水生生物学报、生态科学等; 相关会议4种,包括第七届全国环境化学学术大会、中国海洋湖沼学会、中国动物学会鱼类学分会2012年学术研讨会、第25届全国卫生杀虫药械学术交流暨产品展示会等;食蚊鱼的相关文献由188位作者贡献,包括方展强、林小涛、谢勇平等。

食蚊鱼—发文量

期刊论文>

论文:83 占比:0.21%

会议论文>

论文:5 占比:0.01%

专利文献>

论文:39167 占比:99.78%

总计:39255篇

食蚊鱼—发文趋势图

食蚊鱼

-研究学者

  • 方展强
  • 林小涛
  • 谢勇平
  • 温茹淑
  • 陈国柱
  • 张晓婵
  • 闫月明
  • 丁雪娟
  • 刘丽娟
  • 刘灼见
  • 期刊论文
  • 会议论文
  • 专利文献

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    • 宋晓红; 陆爱金; 杜士林; 陈双凤; 陈旺光; 梁延鹏; 黄亮亮; 曾鸿鹄
    • 摘要: 三氯生(TCS)是一种广谱高效抗菌剂,在水环境和生物体内均不同程度检出,对水生生物具有潜在风险.P-糖蛋白(P-gp)是生物体多型异源物质抗性防御系统中重要的"膜解毒蛋白",对水生生物体内的有毒物质和代谢产物具有重要的外排和转运作用.为探究P-gp在鱼类免疫中的作用,克隆了食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)P-gp基因的cDNA,检测了不同浓度(50、100和150 g·L-1)TCS暴露12 h、1 d、3 d、5 d、7 d和9 d后,P-gp mRNA相对表达量的变化.实验获得的食蚊鱼P-gp cDNA共5452 bp,编码1294个氨基酸,具有ABC转运蛋白家族典型的跨膜结构、功能区域和作用位点,与其他鳉形目的鱼类P-gp氨基酸序列同源性较高.TCS对P-gp mRNA表达的影响呈现倒"U"型的时间-剂量效应,50 g·L-1和100 g·L-1 TCS胁迫后P-gp表达量先升高后下降,100 g·L-1暴露组表达高峰在暴露1 d时,50 g·L-1 TCS暴露组表达高峰延迟至3 d,而150 g·L-1暴露组P-gp表达无显著变化.结果表明,P-gp基因参与了TCS胁迫的解毒过程,有助于食蚊鱼抵抗外源污染物的毒性作用.
    • 刘阳; 张力; 覃剑晖
    • 摘要: 以食蚊鱼为受试生物,采用半静水式亚急性毒性试验法以及荧光定量PCR技术,分别测定镉胁迫后食蚊鱼肝组织中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、热休克蛋白90(HSP90)、细胞色素氧化酶1A(CYP1A)以及金属硫蛋白(MT)基因表达水平的影响,以探讨镉胁迫对食蚊鱼的毒性效应,了解重金属镉在水体中的毒性,拓展食蚊鱼在环境毒理科学研究中的应用范围.结果表明,随着暴露时间的延长,肝组织中HSP70基因和CYP1A基因相对表达水平表现为逐渐下调的趋势,HSP90基因和M T基因表达水平先显著上调后逐渐降低,且趋于稳定.本研究通过多个角度综合探讨镉对食蚊鱼的毒性作用机制,将为防治镉污染提供科学依据,拓展食蚊鱼在环境毒理科学研究中的应用范围,也为其成为模式生物提供数据支持.
    • 黄玲; 廖妍妍; 陈新兰; 陈学梅
    • 摘要: 关于龙葵素中毒的案例时有发生,多为食用了发芽、变绿的马铃薯引起的中毒.相关研究表明,龙葵素对多种受体生物均表现出不同程度的生理毒害作用.为了让中小学生对发绿马铃薯的毒性有一个更加直观的认识,本实验采用生活中常见易得的食蚊鱼作为受体生物,通过简易的实验,探究不同质量的绿皮马铃薯的毒性影响.结果表明:正常马铃薯研磨液对食蚊鱼的影响不大,而绿皮马铃薯对食蚊鱼有明显的毒害作用.
    • 熊向英; 蔡星; 丁雪娟
    • 摘要: 为研究温度和光照对寄生于食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)鳃的百慕大伴盐虫(Salsuginus bermudae)虫卵孵化的影响,将收集到的虫卵分别置于35°C、30°C、25°C、20°C、15°C、10°C 的梯度温度中以及全光照、12 h光照和12 h黑暗交替的节律光照(6:00开灯,18:00关灯)、全黑暗的条件下,记录其孵化率和幼虫孵出所需时间.结果表明,在10~35°C 的温度范围内,百慕大伴盐虫孵化的最适温度为35°C,孵化率与温度呈极显著的正相关,同时温度显著影响百慕大伴盐虫的胚胎发育阶段,35°C 时虫卵产出第2天即开始有钩毛蚴孵出,而10°C时第7天才开始有幼虫孵出.不同的光照条件对百慕大伴盐虫虫卵的孵化率影响不大,表明光照不是其孵化的必需条件,但节律光照对虫卵的孵化具有延滞作用.%To investigate the effect of temperature and illumination on egg embryonation of Salsuginus bermudae, we collected the eggs of S.bermudae from the gills of Gambusia affinis and put them at temperatures of 35 °C, 30 °C, 25 °C, 20 °C, 15 °C and 10 °C, exposing to complete illumination, alternation of 12-hour illumination and darkness (light on 06:00; light off 18:00), and complete darkness, and then recorded the hatchability and the time needed for larva hatching. The results show that the optimum incubation temperature was 35°C, and the correlation between the hatching rate and incubation temperature was significantly positive. Besides, temperature influenced the embryonation period obviously: coracidium appeared on the 2nd day after the eggs being laid at 35 °C, but the larvae only appeared on the 7th day after the eggs being laid at 10 °C. Effect of different illumination conditions on the hatching rate was not remarkable, indicating that light is not a necessary factor for egg hatching, but 12-hour illumination and darkness can delay the embryonic period.
    • 熊向英12; 蔡星13; 丁雪娟3
    • 摘要: 为研究温度和光照对寄生于食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)鳃的百慕大伴盐虫(Salsuginus bermudae)虫卵孵化的影响,将收集到的虫卵分别置于35°C、30°C、25°C、20°C、15°C、10°C的梯度温度中以及全光照、12 h光照和12 h黑暗交替的节律光照(6:00开灯,18:00关灯)、全黑暗的条件下,记录其孵化率和幼虫孵出所需时间。结果表明,在10~35°C的温度范围内,百慕大伴盐虫孵化的最适温度为35°C,孵化率与温度呈极显著的正相关,同时温度显著影响百慕大伴盐虫的胚胎发育阶段,35°C时虫卵产出第2天即开始有钩毛蚴孵出,而10°C时第7天才开始有幼虫孵出。不同的光照条件对百慕大伴盐虫虫卵的孵化率影响不大,表明光照不是其孵化的必需条件,但节律光照对虫卵的孵化具有延滞作用。
    • 秦凯波; 仇玉萍; 郑毅
    • 摘要: In this study, the genetic structure of Gambusia affinis which come from 8 different geographical populations in Yunnan was analyzed using mitochondrial cytochrome b technology. 786 bp sequences were obtained from 210 individuals of G. affinis, collected from 8 geographic populations in Yunnan Province. Of the 786 bp se-quences, 5 polymorphic sites defined 5 haplotypes. Among the haplotypes, the haplotype H1 was shared by 156 samples from 7 geographic populations (74. 3% of the total length), and the haplotype H2 was shared by 52 sam-ples which come from 7 geographic populations ( 24. 8% of the total length ) . The base frequency content of G. affinis ( A+T) was 53. 2%, which was greater than ( G+C) 46. 8%. The nucleotide polymorphisms were the highest in the Dongdahe River population and the remaining 7 populations were lower. The gene flow between popu-lations was 0. 28. The results of molecular variance analysis ( AMOVA) showed that 52. 74% variation derived from different populations, 47. 26% of the variation existed within the same population. The variation among the popula-tions was the main source of total variation. The neutral analysis of the population of G. affinis showed that the popu-lation of G. affinis in Yunnan was relatively stable.%利用线粒体细胞色素b基因序列对云南8个不同地理种群食蚊鱼的遗传结构进行了分析,并对8个地理种群共计210个样本进行PCR扩增;采用分子方差分析方法,对种群的遗传变异进行分析.结果表明:获得了786 bp的基因片段序列,共检测到5个多态位点,定义了5种单倍型,其中单倍型H1由7个地理种群的156个样本共享(占样本总量74.3%),单倍型H2由7个地理种群的52个样本共享(占样本总量24.8%).碱基频率含量(A+T)为53.2%,大于(G+C)46.8%.核苷酸多态性以东大河种群最高,其他7个群体较低.种群间的基因流较小为0.28.种群间遗传变异占总变异的52.74%,种群内的遗传变异占总变异的47.26%,种群间的变异是总变异的主要来源,云南地区的食蚊鱼种群整体较为稳定.
    • 古明宗; 曾科; 杨华杰; 方贵桢; 侯丽萍
    • 摘要: 为了研究反式雄烯二酮(ADD)长期暴露对食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)生长发育和第二性征的影响,分别用不同浓度的ADD(50、200、500、2 000 μg/L)对食蚊鱼进行60 d的水浴暴露处理,以0.1%甲醇和清水作对照,考察食蚊鱼形态特征、组织结构以及生长和生殖相互关系的变化情况.结果表明:雌性食蚊鱼的各项生理指标均受水体中雄性激素ADD的影响,且影响程度随着ADD浓度的增加而增加.随着雄性激素ADD的加入,食蚊鱼的体长和臀鳍长变短,体重、性腺重和肝重变轻,卵子数量变少;卵细胞发生了形变、肿胀,甚至退化;肝细胞的细胞核偏移中央,细胞肿大,出现了空泡结构,细胞脂质化程度逐渐加深;鳃丝长短不一,排列不整齐,甚至出现了退化现象;臀鳍出现上短下长,尖端分叉的现象.总体来讲,水体中雄性激素ADD会引发雌性食蚊鱼出现雄性化的第二性征.%In order to study the trans androstenedione (ADD) long exposure to Gambusia affinis growth and the influence of the secondary sex characteristic,with different concentrations of the ADD (50,200,500,2 000 g/L) to 60 d water bath exposed mosquito fish processing,0.1% methanol and water as contrast,Gambusia affinis morphological characteristics,organization structure and the relationship between growth and reproduction was studied.The results showed that the female Gambusia affinis of various physiological indexes under the influence of male hormones in the water,ADD,and influence degree increase with the increased concentration of the ADD.As the male hormone ADD to join,the Gambusia affinis's body length and anal fin length shorter,lighter weight,gonad weight and liver weight,less number of eggs;the egg deformation happened,swelling,or even degradation;the central nucleus of liver cell migration,cell swelling,a cavity structure,degree of cell lipid change gradually deepened;the gill filament length is differ,untidy,even the degradation phenomenon appeared;the anal fin on next short length,cutting-edge forked phenomenon.In general,male hormones in the water,ADD cause female Gambusia affinis appear male secondary sex characteristic.
    • 刘世英; 宋春高; 何只翰; 卢育军; 吴海生; 王波; 曾媛琴
    • 摘要: Mosquitofish(Gambusia affinis)is a globe invasive species. In order to analyze why they can invade so quickly all over the world, 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci were isolated and employed to examine paternity patterns in 755 samples of 53 families from 10 locations in 3 rivers basins. After sequence genetic analysis of the multiplex SSR PCRs, we got the best fullsib family and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship. We found that there are multiple inseminations inG. affinis. The female in the same womb can reproduce a number of the juveniles, up to 72, with different males, even up to 9. The max fullsib is 41, but the breeder's size isn't the max even not bigger than others. At the same time the max size of the breeder isn't the female which reproduce the largest number of the juveniles. The phylogenetic tree shows that the evolution was far away the sea. The 10 populations can be obviously divided into 3 clusters. The conclusion can be drawn that the key reason of the invasion isG. affinis multiple inseminations. It is suspected that the fertilized frequency isn't proportional to the size of female. Their gene flows rapidly specifically when they were in the migratory distance.%食蚊鱼是全球入侵性物种之一.探讨和研究食蚊鱼快速入侵的原因对进一步的生态学研究有重要意义.实验选取11对多态性微卫星位点,检测了来自欧洲境内3条河流流经的10个不同城市53个家系的755个幼鱼样本.利用微卫星多重PCR技术及Colony统计学软件,分析食蚊鱼系谱关系.食蚊鱼的繁殖能力强,繁殖期的雌性食蚊鱼可一胎产下大量雌雄幼鱼,平均9尾,最多可达72尾;更重要的是实验中发现食蚊鱼存在多重授精现象.结果显示,来自同一父本的幼鱼胚胎最多可达41尾;多重授精加快了食蚊鱼的基因流;系统发育树证实,食蚊鱼来源于遥远的海洋,实验采集的10个群体在系统发育树中主要聚为3支.食蚊鱼入侵性强的关键原因是多重授精,强壮精子具有更强的竞争受精能力,增加了物种的多样性,但受精频率与雌鱼大小可能不成比例.在长距离的迁移中,基因流也在快速变化.
    • 陈妙莹; 林若怡; 范宏猷; 黄智键; 陈学梅
    • 摘要: 为了对海芋不同部位的毒性加以了解和认识,本实验采用控制变量法,提取茎、叶柄、叶三个不同部位的等量汁液加入食蚊鱼培养瓶中,从而探究海芋不同部位的汁液的毒性.经培养后,记录单位时间内鱼死亡总数来统计和衡量不同部位汁液毒性的差异.结果表明,海芋不同部位毒性不一样,毒性最强的是茎,其次是叶柄,最低是叶.
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