湖北小麦选育品种与地方品种遗传多样性分析

摘要

为了解湖北小麦种质资源的农艺和品质性状,探讨育种对各性状的影响及其遗传变异趋势,对湖北省农作物种质资源库中小麦选育品种与地方品种的性状数据进行分类统计分析.结果表明,育种对各性状遗传变异趋势影响各不相同,红粒性状所占比例略有下降,多样性指数升高,长芒、白壳、弱冬性和中熟性状多样性指数均呈下降趋势.在抗病性状中,条锈病、黄矮病、秆锈病、赤霉病和叶锈病抗性水平增强,耐涝性、白粉病和根腐类病害抗性减弱；秆锈病、根腐穗病和黄矮病多样性指数变异大.同时,育种增加了穗长、降低了株高、赖氨酸含量和沉淀值,但对其多样性指数影响较小.研究对湖北小麦遗传育种及种质资源的创新利用具有重要的参考价值.%To explore the genetic variation and its trend of wheat agronomic and quality traits, wheat character data of bred varieties and landrace from Hubei Crop Germplasm Resources Bank was analyzed. These results showed that genetic diversity index and trends were affected differently by breeding. Among five morphological traits, the proportion of red grain character decreased and diversity index increased slightly; While the traits including long awn, white chaff, weak winter and medial maturity decreased. Resistance against stripe rust, BYDV, stem rust, scab and leaf rust were enhanced; And waterlogging tolerance, resistance against powdery mildew and root rot were weakened. Diversity index of stem rust and root rot resistance were increased while BYDV tolerance was reduced obviously. Meanwhile, diversity index of eight quantitative traits were less influenced; The spike length was increased; Plant height, lysine content and sedimentation value were reduced by breeding. The present study could be used as important reference for wheat breeding and innovation of resources utilization in Hubei