寄主诱导的基因沉默在改良作物抗病虫性方面的应用

摘要

According to the principle of RNA interference (RNAi),the expression of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) in vivo can efficiently silence gene expression in organism. A small RNA that forms pathogenic fungi and insect specific genes in the host will enter its body and produce host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). Crop diseases and insect pests pose a great threat to global food security,and the use of HIGS technology provides an effective way to improve crop disease and insect resis-tance. This paper summarized the application of HIGS technology on improving crop disease resistance and insect pests,and the possible transfer mode of silent signal between host and insect pest,and put forward the advantages and disadvantages of this technology.%根据RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)原理,在生物体内表达双链RNA(dsRNA)可以高效沉默生物体内基因的表达.在寄主中形成病原真菌和昆虫特异基因的小RNA会进入其体内从而产生寄主诱导的基因沉默(Host-induced gene silencing,HIGS).病虫害对全球粮食安全构成极大的威胁,利用HIGS技术为提高农作物抗病虫性提供了有效的途径.综述了HIGS技术在提高农作物抗病虫性中的应用,总结了沉默信号在寄主与病虫间的可能的传递方式以及提出该技术存在的优缺点.