湖北省不同时期主要作物氮磷钾肥料养分利用率分析

摘要

4729 field-experiment data were successfully gotten by carrying out the three-plot and the five routine tests on the main crops including paddy rice, wheat, maize, rape and cotton in different sites of Hubei at the 11th and 12th five-year-plan periods. Routine subtraction method was applied to statistically estimate the values of the relative nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) fertilizer use efficiency of the crops in the different experimental plots respectively. In addi-tion, innovatively adopted the N, P, K nutrient comprehensive utilization calculation method, the nutrient utilization for each crop plots according to different calculation method for the measurement of utilization rate of fertilizer nutrients were analyzed. The results showed that the numerical values of the fertilizer use efficiency calculated by the comprehensive method were more reasonable and consentaneous with the N, P, K nutrient comprehensive utilization calculation method than the others. In the 11th five-year-plan period, the distribution interval of the fertilizer use efficiency of crops was 30.1%~42.2% while the average was 35.3% in terms of area weighted means, moreover, the formula fertilization treatments increased by 4.7 percent-age points compared with the conventional. In the 12th five-year-plan period, the values mainly ranged from 30.6% to 44.9%and the statistical mean was 36.7%, while the formula fertilization treatments were 3.8 percentage points higher than the con-ventional. The statistical results indicated that the values of the fertilizer use efficiency at the 12th five-year-plan period were raised by 1.4 percentage points compared with the 11th.%在湖北省"十一五"和"十二五"两时期各县市(区)在水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜和棉花等主要作物上进行的"三区试验"、"常规五处理试验"等得到4729个田间试验结果.基于"差减法"测算相关处理间氮、磷、钾各肥料养分相对利用率,同时创新采用氮、磷、钾肥料养分综合利用率计算方法,对各作物各试验田按不同计算方法测算的肥料养分利用率进行统计分析.结果表明,采用氮、磷、钾肥料养分利用率综合计算法所得的肥料利用率,相对其他测算方法更具有合理性.按面积加权统计,"十一五"时期,各主要作物肥料利用率平均在30.1%~42.2%,总计平均为35.3%,配方施肥相比习惯施肥提高4.7个百分点;"十二五"时期,各主要作物肥料利用率平均在30.6%~44.9%,总计平均为36.7%,配方施肥相比习惯施肥提高3.8个百分点."十二五"相比"十一五"时期,总计平均提高1.4个百分点.