不同育秧工艺对机插早稻秧苗素质的影响

摘要

针对早稻育秧技术要求,考察了不同育秧工艺对早稻育秧期生长和插秧效果的影响.结果表明,采用基质育秧(T1)秧苗密度和根系伤流量较大,个体干物质重、茎重与株高比值较小,30 d时秧苗叶绿素SPAD值较低;以营养土铺垫麻基膜育秧(T2)比不铺膜(CK)处理的30 d秧苗密度大,个体根系发达,根系伤流量大;不覆盖处理(T3)死苗率较高,漏插率显著低于其余处理,不符合水稻田间机插秧质量要求,其余处理均符合要求.基质疏松易于秧苗扎根、供肥迅速,但较营养土保肥性差,育秧时应在后期视苗期补施氮肥;麻基膜有利于秧苗根系的生长,具有明显的加性效应;不覆盖不利于秧苗扎根固定,盘内成苗不均,田间机插秧效果较差.%In view of the technological requirements of early rice seedlings machine transplanting, the effects among different raising seedling technologies on growth of rice seedlings and their machine transplanting effectiveness were investigated. The results showed that density and root SAP flow of seedlings with the commodity matrix (T1) seedling was large, but the ratio of stem dry matter weight and plant height was small, seedling SPAD at 30 days was low; the seedling density of the nutri-tional soil bedding with hemp substrate membrane laying in bottom of disc (T2) treatment at 30 days was bigger than no membrane (CK), and root system of the individual more developed, root SAP flow was bigger; miss planting rate of the treatment of no seed covered (T3) was significantly higher than that of the rest of the treatments, which could not like other treatment to meet the requirements for rice machine transplanting in field. The commodity matrix can loose nutrient easily to meet rice seedling need, but wastage of fertilizer is more rapidly than that of the nutritional soil, which is the reason of poor nutrient for the seedlings during their later stage, so other nitrogen fertilizer should be applied; the hemp substrate membrane laying in bottom of disc is conducive to the growth of seedling root system, has the obvious additive effects to the growth of seedling; and the treatment of no seed covered go against to roots fixed in disc, which cause poorer planting quality.