对节白蜡群落物种多样性分析

摘要

为了更好地保护和利用国家珍稀濒危植物—对节白蜡(Fraxinus hupehensis Chu,Shang et Su),采用常规群落调查方法在其分布区的典型区域设置了15个样方进行群落学调查,统计分析了对节白蜡群落的物种组成、重要值、物种多样性指数等特征以及对节白蜡自然更新情况.群落物种组成分析表明,在被调查的15个样方中,共有乔木36种,灌木111种,草本60种.群落各层次物种重要值分析表明,对节白蜡在群落乔木层中占据绝对优势(45.62%);灌木层中对节白蜡的重要值最大(8.34%),但伴生的水蜡、棕榈和菱叶海桐等数量较多;草本层中薹草具有绝对优势(18.99%).通过分析群落各层次物种的3种多样性指数(丰富度指数、多样性指数和Pielous均匀度指数)表明,对节白蜡各层次物种多样性关系为:灌木层>草本层>乔木层,反映出对节白蜡在乔木层和灌木层的存在对维持灌木物种多样性具有重要作用.通过以上分析可知,对对节白蜡的保护中应注意保护其伴生种,例如黄连木和三角枫等;对节白蜡的天然更新受人为干扰的影响较大,而对光照条件的改变是主要因素.研究认为,对节白蜡群落的可持续发展需要适当的人为干扰.%In order to protect and use rare and endangered plants-Fraxinus hupehensis,this study set up 15 quadrats in the community typical area by using conventional survey methods. And statistical analyzes of F. hupehensis community composi-tion,importance value,species diversity index and its updates were conducted. Analyses on species in populations shows that there are 36 kinds of trees,111 kinds of shrubsng,and 60 kinds of herbs in 15 quadrats. Based on the species important val-ues of all layers in population,F. hupehensis is dominant in the tree layers (important value for 45.62%),and the important value of F. hupehensis is the biggest in shrub layers(important value for 8.34%),but Ligustrum obtusifolium,Trachycarpus for-tunei and Pittosporum truncatum are also abundant; the important value of Carex tristachya is the highest (18.99%) in the herb layer; The three species diversity indexes (richness index, diversity index and evenness index Pielous) at all layers show, the species diversity of F. hupehensis at all levels are as follows: shrub layer> herb layer> tree layer,which played an important role in the tree layer and shrub layer shrub species diversity. By analysis mentioned above,we knows that the pro-tection of F. hupehensis also should pay attention to protect their associated species,such as Pistacia chinensis and Acer buergerianum;the natural regeneration of F. hupehensis is largely affected by human disturbance and lighting conditions. The studies above indicated that F. hupehensis communities need appropriate human disturbance in its sustainable development.