低影响开发——城市雨水问题解决的景观学方法

摘要

低影响开发作为一种生态式、景观化雨水管理方法已在发达国家得到积极采用.该文首先阐述了LID的内涵与作用,介绍了LID的起源与应用状况.其次研究总结了LID的七个目标与八个原则；研究提出LID规划设计的方法,包括阐明雨水管理景观设施的六种作用原理与二十一种雨水管理景观设施的示意模式,及LID景观规划设计的场地雨水水文分析,场地LID景观规划、场地LID景观设计、场地LID雨水管理评价四个步骤.最后对LID解决单体建筑、居住区、城市道路与城市公共绿地四种典型城市场地雨水问题的设计途径进行详细研究与阐述.%Low Impact Development (LID) is an ecologically based stormwater management approach, which has been used broadly in developed countries. Firstly, we expound the meaning and functions of LID, introduce the origin and application of LID. Secondly, we study and propose the method of LID planning and design, including explaining the six kinds of operating principles of Stormwater Landscape Facilities (SLFs), twenty-one kinds of typical model of SLFs and the four steps of LID landscape planning and design. At last, we research and explain the design approach which uses the LID for solving the stormwater problems to single building, residential zone, road and public green space.