During the earlier transition stage of modern China,the Shanghai Small-Sword Society rebellion which broke out in 1853 was of great significance in urbanization and modernization of Shanghai.Shanghai Small-Sword Society,as the branch of Heaven-Earth Society,had its traditional character of secret societies.Meanwhile,since the influence of Taiping Re-bellion and some special background on both time and region aspect,such as the Western invasion,Shanghai open and trade, Fujian and Guangdong immigrants entering Shanghai,Shanghai Small-Sword Society and its uprising also had highly moderni-ty (behind such events as speaking foreign languages,having western foods and wearing leather shoes,they had some special relationship with foreign forces).Shanghai Small-Sword Society rebellion had a series of influence on Shanghai,directly and indirectly.It improved the development of commerce,customs and concession rapidly,and it has also accelerated a great im-provement of Shanghai ’s modernization.The traditional ideas consider that it is a national tragedy:the Western invasion, Shanghai open and trade and destruction of Qing Dynasty.But according to the macro-history’s view,the Shanghai Small-Sword Society rebellion also accelerated a great improvement of Chinese modernization.However,such foreign forces may not had enough good faith in subjective aspect,and the modernization at that time had a lot of problems.What we seek is objective meaning that western industrialization has played an irreplaceable important role on the start of China modernization.%在近代中国社会转型初期，1853年爆发的上海小刀会起义对上海的城市化、现代化产生了重要影响。作为天地会支派的上海小刀会，具有传统会党特性，同时由于特殊的时代、地域背景，如西方入侵、上海通商、闽粤移民大量进入上海和太平天国运动等因素，上海小刀会及其起义发散着浓厚的现代性因素（讲洋文、吃西餐、穿皮鞋现象的背后，是与洋人的特殊关系）。小刀会起义对上海造成了一系列直接或间接的影响，最终使得商业、海关与租界获得飞速发展，上海也得以在现代化轨道上加速前行。传统观点认为，随着商埠开辟，外力入侵，清朝沉沦，这是一出国家悲剧。但从“大历史”角度来看，整个中国的现代化进程也随之骤然提速，尽管西方人主观上未必存有善意，且其推动的现代化确实存在许多问题，我们要探寻的是客观意义，即西方工业化对中国现代化进程的开启作用是不可替代的。
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