电爆炸丝法制备纳米ZrO2粉末的实验研究

摘要

设计并搭建了基于高压放电方式的金属丝电爆炸制备纳米粉体的实验装置,并配备了电流电压测量辅助系统,可以方便地制备纳米颗粒,实时记录电爆炸过程中的电流和电压.对Zr丝进行电爆炸实验;理论上分析了Zr丝在电爆炸过程中的沉积能量以及物态的变化过程.研究了充电电压对沉积能量和纳米粉体特性的影响规律.通过元素能谱(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对制备的纳米粉体做了成分分析.采用透射电子显微镜(T E M)观察纳米粉体的形貌和结构,并用电镜统计观察法得到纳米粉体的粒度分布.研究结果表明:电压的增大,会使沉积能量增加,并缩短锆丝完全汽化所需时间.增大充电电压可显著缩小纳米粉体的粒径分布范围,并得到更小平均粒径的颗粒.电爆炸锆丝的产物是ZrO2纳米颗粒,其晶相结构为单斜晶系(m-ZrO2)和立方晶系(c-ZrO2),并且颗粒呈良好的球形,表面光滑,轮廓清晰,粒径分布主要集中在10 nm到40 nm之间.%The experimental equipment used for synthesizing nanopowders via the electrical explosion of wire was designed and built based on the high-voltage breakdown method.Equipped with current and voltage measuring system,the equipment could conveniently prepare nanoparticles and record the current and voltage of the electric explosion process in real time.Electrical explosion experiments were carried out on zirconium wires,and the deposition energy of Zr wire in the process of electric explo-sion and the change of the state were analyzed.The influence of charging voltage on deposition energy and nanoparticles properties was studied.Component analysis of the produced nanoparticles was completed by X-ray diffraction (XRD)and energy spectrome-ter (EDS).The particle morphology of the nanopowders was observed by the transmission electron microscope (TEM).The par-ticle size and distribution of the nanoparticles were obtained based on the statistics and observation of TEM images.The results show that the increase of voltage increased the deposition energy and shortened the evaporation time of zirconium wire.Higher charging voltage could significantly reduce nanopowder particle size distribution,and get a smaller average diameter of particles. The products of Zirconium wire electrical explosion were ZrO2 nanoparticles,based on the structures of the monoclinic crystal(m-ZrO2 )and the cubic crystal (c-ZrO2 ),and the particles were perfectly spherical,smooth and clear,and the particle size distribu-tion of nanoparticles was concentrated between 10 and 40 nm.