在多数有性生殖生物中,减数分裂第一次分裂前期同源染色体间会形成一种复杂的超级蛋白结构——联会复合体(Synaptonemal complex,SC).该结构与同源染色体间的配对、联会、交换、分离等过程密切相关.若其出现异常,将可导致性母细胞大量凋亡,宏观上即表现为生物个体不育.近年来,该结构已成为减数分裂研究领域的一个热点,但其控制机理至今所知还十分有限.文章对联会复合体的组成、功能及其遗传控制等情况进行概述,并对其未来的研究进行探讨和展望.%The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a super protein lattice that connects paired homologous chromosomes in most meiotic systems. This special organization is related to the meiosis processes such as homologous chromosomes pairing, synapsis, recombination, segregation, etc. Flaws of it would lead the meiocytes to apoptosis, which contributes to sterility. In recent years, the study of this complex has been a hotspot in meiosis research, but little was known about its exact mechanism. This review summarized the organization, function, and genetics of this complex with recent advances. Prospects of its further study were also briefly discussed.
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