生殖细胞及早期胚胎基因组印记的表观调控

摘要

基因组印记是一种区别父母等位基因的表观遗传过程,可导致父源和母源基因特异性表达.印记是在配子发生过程中全基因组表观重编程时获得的,且在早期胚胎发育过程中得以维持.因此,在全基因组重编程过程中,对印记的识别和维持十分重要.本文概述了原始生殖细胞的印记清除、双亲原始生殖细胞的印记获得以及早期胚胎发育过程中印记维持的相关过程,并对在印记区域内保护印记基因免受全基因组DNA去甲基化的表观遗传因子的相关作用机制进行了讨论.%Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process that distinguishes parental alleles and results in specific expression of paternal and maternal genes. Imprints are acquired in the process of gametogenesis when genome-wide epigenetic reprogramming occurs and are maintained during early embryonic development. Therefore, the recognition and maintenance of imprints are very important in genome-wide reprogramming. In this review, we summarize the progresses of imprints removal in primordial germ cells (PGCs), imprints acquisition in parental PGCs, and imprints maintenance during early embryonic development. We also discuss the functional mechanisms of epigenetic factors which protect imprinted genes from whole genome DNA methylation.