纳米药物在乳腺癌治疗中的应用∗

摘要

纳米医学是纳米技术的分支，其将纳米技术的原理与方法应用于医学。纳米粒子独特的尺寸使其具有独特和优良的材料特性。纳米粒子以最小的侵袭性进行药物递送，提高了药物治疗的靶向性。乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，全球范围内发病率正逐年攀升。传统的治疗方法虽有效，但存在诸多不足。近年来纳米药物的快速发展，为解决这些难题提供了新的思路与方案。纳米载药系统种类繁多，包括脂质体、聚合物、抗体、金属、磁性物质、碳、陶等多种有机或无机材料。纳米药物的靶向策略包括被动靶向和主动靶向等，均可增强药物在肿瘤部位的蓄积。特定的纳米粒子也可直接杀伤肿瘤细胞。随着纳米药物的快速发展，其在乳腺癌的临床应用也日趋广泛，已有多种纳米药物进入临床研究或上市。%Objective Nanomedicine is a branch of nanotechnology; it applies scientific principles and established methods of nanotechnology in healthcare. Small sized nanoparticles exhibit unique material properties. Nanoparticle therapeutic agents can be delivered with minimal invasiveness in vivo,and react more specifically to target tissues.Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women.Its incidence increases every year globally.Conventional therapeutic methods for breast cancer are effective,but have many limitations.In recent years the rapid development of nanotechnology medicine provides new solutions for those problems.There are many types of nanoengineered drug delivery systems (nDDS),each with distinguishing properties, including organic and inorganic materials, for example liposomes, polymers, antibodies, metals, magnets, carbons and ceramics. Nanomedicine may have passive and active targeting strategies. Both can enhance the accumulation of the drug in tumor sites. Specific nanoparticles can also kill or damage tumor cells.As its research advances fast,a wide application of nanomedicine in treating breast cancer is getting adopted.Many agents and formulations of nanomedicine are approved for clinical trials or approved for prescription.