4～12岁屈光不正儿童的屈光状态及相关因素分析

摘要

ObjectiveToinvestigatetherelationshipbetweenchildrenametropiaanddevelopmentofeye.Methods 1200eyesof600 children at 4~12 years old were randomly selected, ocular growth parameters and the habits of using eyes were compared among 175 cases (313 eyes) of ametropia children and 313 control eyes.The relationship between ametropia and ocular growth and development was ana-lyzed.Results In the younger ametropia (4~6 years old) group, there was little correlation between uncorrected visual acuity( UCVA) and eye axis lenth(AL), age(Y), height(H) and weight(W) (P>0.05).In older children emmetropia group, UCVA had positive relat-ed with AL, Y, H and W ( P <0.01 ); In ametropia group, UCVA were negatively correlated with AL, Y, H and W ( P <0.01 ) . Equivalent spherical( SE) in two groups were negatively correlated with AL, Y, H and W ( P<0.01);To explore the effect of reading time contribute to the ametropia:there was no difference between the two groups (P>0.05);To evaluate the time using electronic products on ametropia:there was significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Children with ametropia are closely related with the eye axis, age, height and weight, and also related with genetic factors and time of using telectronic products.%目的：分析儿童屈光不正与眼球发育及生长发育的关系。方法完全随机抽样选取600例4～12岁儿童（1200眼），比较其中的175例（313眼）屈光不正眼与313眼屈光正常儿童的眼球发育参数和用眼习惯。分析屈光要素与眼球及全身生长发育间的关系。结果低龄（4～6岁）组：裸眼视力和眼轴、年龄、身高、体重相关性不大（P＞0．05），高龄儿童（7～12岁）裸眼视力和眼轴、年龄、身高、体重在屈光正常组呈正相关（P＜0．01）；在屈光不正组呈负相关（P＜0．01）；两组儿童等效球镜和眼轴、年龄、身高、体重均呈负相关（P＜0．01）；读书时间对屈光不正的影响不大（P＞0．05）；接触电子产品时间对屈光不正的影响：两组儿童有差异（ P＜0．05）。结论儿童屈光不正与眼轴及年龄和身高、体重相关，与遗传因素及接触电子产品时长有关。