基于锦州地区冰雹监测的雹情监测仪及其方法研发

摘要

冰雹具有较强的随机性、突发性和区域特征,并且破坏力极强,对农业所造成的危害仅次于干旱对农业所带来的危害,严重时造成受灾区农业绝收,甚至影响人畜生命安全.目前,国内外都没有一款能有效监测雹情的设备,用于监测雹情的方法多为人工观测,而人工观测得到的冰雹粒径时、密度、冰雹量误差很大.文章依托于集监测冰雹粒径、历时、密度和冰雹量功能于一体的雹情监测仪及其监测方法,通过一台仪器实现对冰雹历时、冰雹的粒径、密度、冰雹量数据的监测,解决了冰雹粒径和冰雹密度不能测量的问题,进而研究了冰雹路径和天气特点,归纳预报预测方法,提高准确率,以提升雹灾预测预报功能.%Hail has strong randomness,sudden and regional characteristics,and extremely destructive,being harmful to the agriculture,only less than the drought harm to it,even resulting in total crop failure in the affected area,and affecting the safety of farmers and animals.At present,no any instrument can effectively monitor the status of hail regime at home and abroad,the methods to monitor hail regime are mostly artificial observation to obtain the size,density and quantity of hail with great errors.Based on the monitoring instrument and its monitoring method setting hail duration,size diameter,amount and density functions in one,this paper realized the monitoring by a monitoring instrument and solved the problem that hail size and density couldn't be monitored correctly,and researched the hail path and weather characteristics,summarized the forecast method,improved the accuracy so as to strengthen the function of forecasting the hail disaster.