It was well known that sexual difference exists in prognosis of trauma. Studies had revealed that there was a significantly higher incidence of life-threatening complications and mortality in traumatized males than in females. However, clinical studies had showed controversial results on the role of gender in outcomes of severe trau-matic patients. Laboratory studies of trauma had confirmed that immune response was markedly depressed in males but was normalized in castrated males. Moreover, administration of testosterone receptor antagonist following trau-ma-hemorrhage could also improve immune, hepatic and cardiovascular functions. Several studies were conducted to explore the effect of sex hormones on immune response and organ functions following trauma. These results had showed that estrogen played an important role in mediating immunoprotective effects. In contrast, androgen was im-munosuppressive. In this review, we discussed the effect of androgen on immune response, hepatic and cardiovascular functions in an experimental model of trauma-hemorrhage, and further analyzed the potential mechanism which re-sponsible for gender dimorphism in outcomes of trauma patients. The results gained from the experimental studies would be helpful in designing innovative therapeutic approaches for the treatment of trauma patients.%动物研究证实，创伤预后存在明显的性别差异，雄性动物创伤后并发症发生率及死亡率均明显高于雌性。但是，临床关于创伤预后性别差异的研究则一直存在争议。实验室研究证实，雄性动物创伤后机体免疫反应及各脏器功能明显受到抑制，而睾丸切除或服用雄激素受体抑制剂后上述抑制作用得到明显改善。关于性激素水平对创伤后机体免疫反应的研究发现，雌激素具有免疫增强作用；而相反，雄激素则会诱导免疫抑制。本文主要阐述雄激素水平变化对机体创伤后免疫反应、肝脏及心血管系统功能的影响作用，进一步分析创伤预后性别差异的潜在机制，从而在动物研究的结果中寻求新的干预措施来改善创伤患者的预后。
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