Objective To observe the risk factors of atopic dermatitis (AD) and study on the effect of early health education. Methods One hundred and twenty children with AD were chosen to analyze the risk factors. And then they were divided into two groups, where the experimental group (n=60) was given intervention with continuous health education besides conventional treatment and the control group (n=60) was given conventional treatment only. After 1 year follow-up, the effects in both groups were evaluated. Results Family allergic history, pets, residence, skin microbial colonization, gender, smoking mother, and breast feeding were closely correlated with AD (P<0.05). In-halant allergens were mainly accounted for 45%of dust mites and 22.5%of pollen. Ingestion allergens were mainly ac-counted for 30.8%of shrimp fish and 20.8%of beef and mutton. The effective rates of experimental group and control group were 91.67%and 78.33%respectively with a statistical difference (P<0.05). After treatment, the total serum lev-els of IgE, IL-2, IL-4 in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group with statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusion Risk factors associated with AD were identified. Clinical intervention with early health educa-tion can obviously enhance the effect of medication and improve life quality.%目的：观察诱发特应性皮炎(AD)的危险因素及早期健康教育干预的效果。方法临床选择AD患儿120例，分析导致AD的高危因素；根据不同干预方法将120例AD患儿分为两组各60例，两组均给予常规治疗，试验组同时给予连续性健康教育干预，对照组不干预，追踪1年，然后进行疗效评价。结果家族遗传过敏史、宠物、居住地、皮肤微生物定植、性别、生母吸烟、母乳喂养等因素和AD发生有密切相关性(P<0.05)。吸入性过敏原主要是尘螨占45%、花粉占22.5%等；食入性过敏原主要是海虾海鱼占30.8%、牛羊肉占20.8%等。试验组和对照组治疗的有效率分别为91.67%和78.33%，两组疗效比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后试验组血清总IgE、白介素-2、白介素-4水平均比对照组明显下降，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论家族遗传过敏史、宠物、居住地、皮肤微生物定植、性别、生母吸烟、母乳喂养等，以及食入性和吸入性过敏原等环境暴露因素仍是AD主要高危因素。常规治疗的同时开展连续性健康教育，可以增强患儿治疗依从性，改善生活质量，有助提高疗效。
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