2011-2013年顺义区急性呼吸道感染病毒流行特征分析

摘要

目的 了解北京市顺义区2011-2013年急性呼吸道感染病毒病原谱构成及流行特征,为临床诊断、治疗和预防控制提供病原学依据.方法 采集顺义区医院发热门诊、儿科、呼吸科三个监测科室门诊的急性呼吸道感染病例咽拭子标本292份,利用多重RT-PCR和PCR方法进行甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、副流感病毒、腺病毒、偏肺病毒、鼻病毒、冠状病毒、博卡病毒和肠道病毒检测,结合病例流行病学信息进行统计分析.结果 292份咽拭子中检出95份阳性样本,阳性率为32.53%(95/292).病毒病原谱构成前三位为副流感病毒、鼻病毒、甲型流感病毒.病毒检出阳性率全年均有检出,其中2月、6月、7月、10月、11月病原检出率大于50%,11月检出率最高,为72.00%,其余月份检出率较低,9月最低,为10.34%.不同年龄组病毒感染的病原谱也不同,其中0~4岁组以鼻病毒、副流感病毒感染为主;5~14岁组以鼻病毒和肠道病毒感染为主;15~24岁组、25~59岁组均以甲型流感和副流感为主;60岁以上组以副流感病毒为主.结论 副流感病毒、鼻病毒、甲型流感病毒为顺义区地区急性呼吸道感染主要病原体,不同月份呼吸道病毒检出阳性率不同,并且不同年龄组易感的病毒也不同.%Objective To analyze the virus distribution and epidemiological characteristics of acute respirato-ry infections from 2011 to 2013 in Shunyi District of Beijing so as to provide the data for the preventive strategy, clini-cal diagnosis and treatment. Methods A total of 292 throat swab samples were collected from patients with acute re-spiratory tract infection in Fever Outpatient Department, Department of Paediatrics, and Department of Respiratory in Beijing Shunyi District Hospital. By multiples RT-PCR and PCR, influena A virus, influenza B virus, respiratory syn-cytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, metapnermovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, human bocavirus and enteric virus were detected and statistically analyzed. Results A total of 95 positive results were obtained from the 292 sam-ples, with the positive rate of 32.53%(95/292). The dominated viruses in the pathogen spectrum were parainfluenza vi-rus, rhinovirus and influena A virus. The positive ratio for the virus detection was high in Feb., Jun., Jul., Oct., Nov., and it was the highest in Nov. (72.00%) and the lowest in Sep. (10.34%). The dominated viruses were different in differ-ent months and in different age groups, with rhinovirus and parainfluenza virus for the 0~4 years age group, rhinovirus and enteric virus for 5~14 years age group, influena A virus and parainfluenza virus for the 15~24 years age group and 25~59 years age group, and parainfluenza virus for the more than 60 years age group. Conclusion Parainfluenza virus, rhinovirus and nfluena A virus are the main pathogens leading to acute respiratory infection during winter and spring in Shunyi District, and the pathogens have specific epidemiology according to different ages and different detection time.