黔东烤烟示范区植烟土壤养分综合评价

摘要

为研究黔东烤烟示范区土壤质量状况，指导植烟土壤合理施肥，促进烤烟产量和质量提高以及质量等级的一致，本研究选取土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾5个指标，采用模糊数学的方法确定各指标所属的隶属函数类型及其阈值，运用主成分分析法计算各指标的权重，对黔东烤烟示范区土壤的养分状况进行了综合评价。结果表明：示范区土壤pH大多属中性，碱解氮含量偏高，有机质含量丰富，有效磷总体水平低且分布极不平衡，速效钾含量丰富，变异程度较大；示范区土壤总体肥力水平较高，但都处于高等肥力水平以下，高、中等肥力水平土壤占样本总数的68．75％，低等肥力水平的土壤也占有较大比例（31．25％）。因此，植烟区应根据肥力水平不同，进行分区配方施肥，使之更加适宜优质烟的生长，以利于整个烟区烤烟品质一致性的提高。%Using the principal component analysis method, the weights of soil pH, organic matter, available ni- trogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were determined for a comprehensive evaluation of the status of soil fertility in tobacco-growing demonstration areas of East Guizhou. The results showed that soil pH of most demonstration areas was neutral, a bit higher of available nitrogen content, rich organic matter content, overall low- level effective phosphorus and extremely uneven distribution, plentiful available potassium content and large-degree variation. Generally, soil fertility level of the demonstration areas was relatively a bit high, but the proportion of land above moderate soil fertility was 92. 02 % , low fertility level of soil sample also had a large proportion （31. 25 % ） and no soil sample belonged to high fertility level. Corresponding measures should be taken to improve the soil fertility and to make it more suitable for growing tobacco.