土壤重金属镉、铅污染的植物修复技术研究进展

摘要

重金属在土壤中大部分具有稳定、积累和不易消除等特点,可通过食物链的富集作用对人类产生危害.由于镉的毒性最强,铅的分布最广,所以成为重金属污染植物修复的研究重点与热点.针对目前发现的修复植物多存在生物量过低、修复种类单一等缺陷,对镉、铅污染的植物修复技术类型、原理、特点以及分子生物学等现代生物技术进行了论述与比较,并提出对今后重金属污染植物修复研究应该注重如何提高修复植物的生物量,以及不同修复植物之间优化配置以达到对土壤重金属复合污染修复的效果的新思路.%Most heavy metals in soil with characteristics of stable, accumulative and hard to remove may do harm to human beings through food chain. Cadmium and lead have been the research priorities and hot spots for their strongest toxicity and widest distribution respectively. Most plants for phytoremediation found at present are not perfect for their low biomass and single action objects. In this paper, the phytoremediation technology type, principle characteristics are reviewed and compared with modern biotechnologies such as molecular biology, and new thoughts are proposed to enhance the plant biomass and meet the requirement of compound phytoremediation effect by optimizing the configuration of different repairing plants.