为筛选苹果抗旱资源，采用石蜡切片法测定了4个苹果新品种/材料的叶片大小、叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、CTR、SR、角质层厚度、比叶重、气孔密度、气孔器面积、气孔宽度和保水力等与果树抗旱性相关的生理指标，采用隶属函数法对4个苹果新品种/材料的抗旱性进行了综合评价。结果表明：王林苹果叶面积最大，叶片厚度和角质层厚度值最高，分别为36．87 cm2、233．25μm 和4．03μm；红富士短枝型芽变材料叶面积最小，为22．97 cm2，但比叶重最高，为9．96 mg/cm2；红富士叶片比叶重最低，叶片角质层厚度最小，分别为6．55 mg/cm2和2．81μm，但气孔宽度最大，达3．26μm。4个苹果新品种/材料叶片12 h 的失重率为35．10％～47．28％，红富士叶片保水力最差，而王林苹果叶片保水力最强，其抗旱力为王林＞天红2号＞红富士短枝型芽变材料＞红富士。%The physical indexes of leaf size,leaf thickness,palisade tissue thickness,spongy tissue thickness,CTR,SR,cuticle thickness,specific leaf weight,stomata density,stomata area,stomata width and water holding capacity of four apple varieties/lines were determined by the paraffin method,and then the drought resistance of four apple varieties/lines is comprehensively evaluated by the membership function method to screen apple resources with strong drought resistance.Orim variety has the maximum leaf area (36.87 cm2 ),leaf thickness (233.25 μm)and cuticle thickness (4.03 μm).The mutation of Fuji Apple has the minimum leaf area (22.97 cm2 )but the maximum specific leaf weight (9.96 mg/cm2 ).Fuji Apple with the maximum stomata width (3.26 μm)has the minimum specific leaf weight (6.55 mg/cm2 ) and cuticle thickness (2.81 μm).The leaf weight-loss ratio of four apple varieties/lines after 12h is 35. 10%~47.28%.The water holding capacity of Fuji Apple is the worst and Orim variety is the highest.In conclusion,drought resistance of four apple varieties is Orim > Tianhong 2 > Bud mutation of Fuji Apple > Fuji Apple.
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