嘎拉苹果新梢和果实的生长发育动态及相关性

摘要

The growth dynamic and correlation of new shoots and fruits of Gala apple with 6~7 years old were studied to provide the theoretical basis for making scientific cultivation technique and management measures of Gala apple.New shoots grow in the middle ten days of March and its growth during is up to 126 days,There are 2~5 growth peaks during the whole growth process,of which,3~4 peaks for elongation growth,2~3 peaks for leaf growth and 3~5 peaks for diameter increment.The fruits grow from the first ten-day period of April to the first ten-day period of September and the whole growth process reaches 126~133 days.There are 3~5 growth peaks in the whole fruit growth process.The fruit longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter is (6.49±1.23)cm and (7.02±1.26)cm respectively.The index of fruit shape is 0.92.The bottom color and pericarp color of fruits with near round shape is green and purple red + pink separately.The increments of fruits and new shoots both show the single rising curves.New shoots grow 2~3 weeks earlier than fruits.The diameter increment of new shoots is not different with fruit growth after 10th,June.There are 4~5 growth peaks in net growth of fruits and the growth curve presents S type.There are 3~5 growth peaks in net growth of new shoots,of which,3 growth peaks for elongation growth of new shoots and the most growth curves show double S type,5 growth peaks for net growth of diameter increment and the growth curve shows S type basically.The optimum application time is in the last ten-day period of April.The foliage top-dressing should be used in growth peak of fruit shoots to relief nutrition competition.%为给苹果适时施肥和果实适期采收提供理论依据，并为制定科学的栽培技术和管理措施提供参考。定期调查了6～7年生嘎拉苹果新梢和果实生长发育动态及其相关性。结果表明：1）新梢生长从3月中旬开始，生长期达126 d，在整个生长过程中出现2～5次生长高峰期，其中，伸长生长3～4次，叶片生长2～3次，加粗生长3～5次。2）果实生长从4月上旬花谢幼果期开始，9月上旬停长，生长期达126～133 d，果实纵横径在整个生长过程中出现次3～5次生长高峰。果实成熟时，纵径为（6．49±1．23）cm，横径为（7．02±1．26）cm，果形指数为0．92，果实近圆形，果表底色为绿色，果皮颜色为紫红色＋粉红色。3）果实生长量和新梢生长量曲线均为上升单曲线，新梢生长比果实提前2～3周，6月10日以后，新梢加粗生长与果实生长一致；果实净生长量有明显的4～5次生长高峰，其生长曲线多呈 S型，而新梢生长的净生长量有3～5次生长高峰，其中，伸长生长3次，生长曲线呈双 S型，加粗生长的净生长量有5次，生长曲线呈多 S型。4）4月下旬为最佳施肥时期，建议头年加强水肥管理的同时，在果梢生长旺期加强根外追肥，缓解养分竞争。