三峡库区巫山县生态系统服务价值评估

摘要

为了在县域尺度上定量评估三峡库区生态系统服务价值，以重庆市巫山县为例，采用市场价值法、造林成本法、替代工程法、替代费用法、影子价格法、旅行费用法、成果参照法等对其2008年生态系统服务价值进行了评估。结果表明：巫山县生态系统服务价值为473966．27万元。从其构成来看，保持土壤的价值最大，为166926．74万元；其余依次为固碳释氧价值130576．96万元，产品供给价值101505．09万元，涵养水源价值31564．54万元，淡水资源价值17588．84万元，旅游服务价值12800．00万元，科研服务价值11299．56万元，营养物质循环价值1545．14万元，净化环境价值159．40万元。从土地利用类型来看，林地提供的生态系统服务价值最高，为313760．35万元；其余依次为农田68330．16万元，草地58251．42万元，水域21023．28万元，园地11625．89万元，其他用地975．17万元。%To quantitatively assess the value of the ecosystem services of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area at county scale.In this study,methods like market price,reforestation cost,reflection engineering, substitute expense,shadow price,travel cost and reference achievement etc.,were employed to evaluate the ecosystem services of Wushan County in 2008.The results showed that the value of ecosystem services of Wushan County was 4 739 662.7 thousand Yuan.From the view point of its constitution,the service of soil conservation was the largest (1 669 267.4 thousand Yuan),followed by carbon fixation and oxygen release (1 305 769.6 thousand Yuan),goods supply (1 015 050.9 thousand yuan),water conservation (315 645.4 thousand Yuan),freshwater resources (175 888.4 thousand Yuan),tourism value (128 000.0 thousand Yuan),scientific values (112 995.6 thousand Yuan),maintaining nutrient cycling (15 451.4 thousand Yuan),environment purification (1594.0 thousand Yuan).From the view point of land use types,forest ecosystem services provided the highest value of 112 995.6 thousand Yuan,followed by farmland (683 301.6 thousand Yuan),grassland (582 514.2 thousand Yuan),waters (210 232.8 thousand Yuan),garden plot (116 258.9 thousand Yuan)and other lands(9 751.7 thousand Yuan).