雌花两性花同株植物紫菀的花器官分化与发育

摘要

为探明紫菀种子败育原因，为其生殖繁育提供依据，采用微性状鉴别法、影像分析与形态观测结合的技术对紫菀的花芽分化过程及柱头形态、花器官结构和开放式样等特征进行研究。结果表明：花芽分化过程与花器官形成有一定的相关性，由外至内分别是雌性的舌状花和两性的管状花。其中，舌状花有1枚雌蕊，管状花有5枚雄蕊＋1枚雌蕊；单个花序中，管状花数多于舌状花数。紫菀舌状花与管状花在形态和开放时间存在差异，该因素可导致紫菀种子败育现象的产生。舌状花开放早于管状花，且在管状花闭锁期间，雄蕊花粉已在内部散落；柱头发育经过闭合、柱头伸出花药筒和展开阶段。%The differentiation process of flower buds,stigma morphology,structure and blooming pattern of flower organs were studied by using micro-character identification method,image analysis and morphological observation technology to provide the scientific basis for reproduction of A.tataricus based on veritying the cause for seed abortion of A.tataricus.There is a certain correlation between flower bud differentiation process and flower organs formation,and there are female ray floret and bisexual tubular floret from outside to inside.The ray floret is one pistil and tubular floret includes five stamens and one pistil.The number of tubular florets is more than the number of ray florets in a single inflorescence.There is difference in morphology and blooming time between ray floret and tubular floret,which may result in abortion of A.tataricus.The blooming of ray florets is earlier than tubular florets and pollens scatter in the internal of tubular florets when tubular florets is at atresia stage.The stigma development includes occlusion stage,stigma stretch from anther tube stage and stigma spread stage.