基于荧光显微观察不同仁用杏杂交组合的花粉萌发特性

摘要

The pollen adhered on stigma,pollen germination and pollen tube growth of six apricot cross combinations (Longwangmao and Youyi as female parents,Baiyubian,Yiwofeng and Beishandabian as male parents)were observed under fluorescent microscope to select suitable almond-apricot pollination varieties.Pollens of Longwangmao × Baiyubian combination germinate on the stigma in 4 h after pollination and pollens of other combinations germinate on the stigma in 6 h after pollination,but pollen tubes of all combinations pass through the middle of style in 24 h after pollination.There are significant differences in rate of pollen adhered on stigma,average pollen number per stigma,rate of stigma with germinated pollens and average pollen germination rate per stigma between different combinations,but there are no correlations between rate of pollen adhered on stigma and rate of stigma with germinated pollens,and between average pollen number per stigma and average pollen germination rate per stigma. The pollen germination rate of Longwangmao × Baiyubian, Longwangmao × Yiwofeng and Youyi × Baiyubian combinations are the highest and their pollen tubes grow very well,which indicates that Baiyubian can be used as a pollination variety for Longwangmao and Youyi,and Yiwofeng is used as a pollinizer for Longwangmao.%为选择适宜的仁用杏授粉品种，以龙王帽和优一为母本，白玉扁、一窝蜂和北山大扁3个品种为父本进行品种间授粉，利用荧光显微技术观察人工授粉后柱头上花粉的黏附、萌发和花粉管生长情况。结果表明：龙王帽×白玉扁杂交组合授粉后4 h 花粉萌发，而其他组合授粉后6 h 花粉才萌发，但授粉24 h 后全部授粉组合的花粉管伸长穿过花柱中部。不同授粉组合之间有花粉黏附柱头比率、单个柱头平均花粉数、有花粉柱头比率和单个柱头平均花粉萌发率差异显著，但有花粉黏附柱头比率和有花粉萌发柱头比率之间，以及单个柱头平均花粉数和单个柱头平均花粉萌发率之间无相关性。龙王帽×白玉扁、龙王帽×一窝蜂和优一×白玉扁3个杂交组合的花粉萌发率高、深入花柱的花粉管数量多，是较为适合的杂交组合。故选择白玉扁作为龙王帽和优一的授粉品种，而一窝蜂只能作为龙王帽的授粉树。