梅花'南京红须'、'南京红'花色的呈现特征

摘要

The flower colors of Prunus mume'Nanjing Hongxu'and P.mume'Nanjing Hong'exist mainly temporal changes caused by different flower developing stages,reflecting that the flower colors are under the control of flower development. The flower colors of these two cultivars are all the strongest in Alabastrum period,thin in some sort in Initial flower period,thicken appreciably in Profuse flower period and thin furthest in Final flower period even if the petals senesce as soon as they begin to splay. At different flower developing stage,the chroma differences of petal colors of different layers are:outer layer＞middle layer＞inner layer,namely,the concrete collocating site of petal in the corolla decides the specific color chroma of this petal. But the change trends of the petal colors of different layers are not completely similar. In the mean time,the content changes of total flavonoids of the outer layers of two cultivars are positively correlated with the petal color changes of outer layers. On the other hand,the flower color difference induced by the inserting site of the flower in canopy is not remarkable at all,showing that the spatial variations of the flower colors are very petit. This paper could be a reference or a premise for the exploration on the flower color mechanism of red Mei flowers and the flower-selecting in the cDNA cloning of the key enzyme genes determining the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in Mei flower.%梅花'南京红须'、'南京红'的花色主要存在着花发育阶段导致的时间变化,反映其花色受花发育控制.二者的花色都在蕾期最浓艳,在初花期略淡,在盛花期又稍浓,在末花期最淡,尽管花瓣在花开放时便开始衰老;在整个花发育时期,同一朵花不同层次花瓣的颜色浓淡均为:外层花瓣>中层花瓣>内层花瓣,即花瓣在花冠中的具体排列位置决定着该片花瓣的特定颜色深浅;但不同层次花瓣颜色的变化趋势不完全一致.同时,两个品种外层花瓣的总黄酮含量变化与外层花瓣的色度变化成正相关.而花朵在树冠的着生部位导致的花色差异极不显著,表明'南京红须'、'南京红'的花色的空间变化极微.本文可为梅花红色花色的机理探索和花色色素生物合成关键酶基因cDNA克隆中的花朵选择提供参考.