濒危药用植物短柄乌头及其近缘种的核型研究

摘要

A karyological study has been carried out on six populations of Aconitum brachypodum across its distribu-tion region (Dongchuan,Huize,Lijiang,Ninglang,Yanyuan and Muli).All populations of the A .brachypodum stud-ied were diploid (2n=2x=16)with various chromosome morphologies.A .brachypodum has relatively consistent chromosome diversification with a basic number of 8.Only the karyotype formulas of Ninglang and Yanyuan popula-tions were same.The kartotype of Muli population belonged to Stebbins’1A type,the kartotype of Lijiang,Ninglang, Yanyuan populations belonged to Stebbins’2B type,and the kartotype of Huize,Dongchuan populations belonged to Stebbins’3B type.Six populations in A .brachypodum had different karyotype and they all belonged to comparatively asymmetric type.The karyotype formula of A .pendulum is 2n=16=8m+8sm,and the karyotype formula of A . brachypodum var.laxiflorum is 2n=16=10m+6sm.The variation of the karyotype formula,As.K.% and AI did not show clear and correspondingly geographical distribution.And six populations did not contain polyloid individuals, the breeding of A .brachypodum need to be studied in the future.%对短柄乌头及其展毛短柄乌头、铁棒锤核型进行研究,为短柄乌头的细胞地理分布和选育提供理论基础.3个种其染色体基数为 X＝8,短柄乌头6个居群出现5种核型公式,不同居群染色体形态变异较大.其中宁蒗和盐源2个居群核型公式相同.四川木里居群属于 Stebbins 的1A 型,丽江、宁蒗、四川盐源居群属于2B 型,会泽、东川居群属于3B 型；铁棒锤和展毛短柄乌头核型类型都是属于2B 型.短柄乌头各项染色体参数表现出较高的不对称性,核型比较不相近.核型公式变异、核型不对称系数、核型不对称指数没有显示出清晰的、对应的地理分布.6个短柄乌头居群中也没发现三倍体,短柄乌头的选育还需进一步研究.